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Sociology of Religion
The sociology of religion is defined as the study of practices and beliefs which are done through the methods of the discipline of society. The objective is to analyze the documentary and historical materials through qualitative and quantitative methods. The modern academic sociology starts with religion analysis and societal research of foundational work which helps to distinct the sociology from other disciplines. The relationship between an economic and religion structure is emphasized by Max Weber and Karl Marx (Dew et al., 2014). The structural functionalism is the theory of socialism which provides the framework which shows the society as a complex system. All the factors work together to promote the stability and solidarity. The theory focuses on the large scale so that the whole society can be shaped and the society is evaluated as an organism. The study takes both the structural and social approach. The conflict theory acts as a perspective in sociology which emphasizes the inequality of social, material and political of a social group which is analyzed through ideological conservatism and structural functionalism. The theory emphasizes on the power differentials for example class conflicts in the society. The study is the macro level, and it is the component of four paradigms of society. The symbolic interactionism is defined as the sociological perspective which influences various areas of discipline. It is important in social psychology and micro sociology. The working of sociology has many topics which use a large number of research methods. The qualitative research is used in interactive research such as social interaction.
The structural-functionalism use qualitative and quantitative methods are used to analyze the religion. The level of analysis of structural functionalism theory is macro whereas the symbolic interactionism has a micro level of analysis and conflict theory has the macro level of analysis. The symbolic interactionism focuses on using the symbols and face to face interactions whereas the structural-functionalism focuses on the relationship between the various parts of society and how the aspect of society is functional and conflict theory focuses on competition for scarce resources and how the poor and weak are controlled by the elite (Hannan et al., 2013). The symbolic interactive perspective can be stated as symbolic interactionism. The theory considers the symbols and details of the day today life. The structural functionalism is also known as functionalism. The theory contributes to the functionality of whole society. The structural functionalism is proposed by Auguste Comte, Herbert spencer, and Talcott parcels. According to them, the society must work in the same way together so that the functioning of the human body organs work properly. The change in time leads to face the pressure of structure due to which some of them survives. Thus the specialization of social structures should be done which helps to perform the particular functions in the society.
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The structural functionality approach shows the complexity of the system which together promotes the solidarity and stability. The theory said that the society must work together which helps to balance the parts of the system which is required for the smooth working of the system. For example, the deviant is different, but it is founded in all the societies which provoke the sustainability of moral foundation of society. In the case of conflict theory, the powerful members threaten poor people, but their cases which are social injury are not considered criminal because they have more social power. In the case of Symbolic interaction the deviant is created by the responses of others which are labeled as the deviant. Despite differences in the theories both the theories are successful in together the two individuals (Dionysiou, et al., 2013). The functionalism and symbolic interactionism share a similar theory of dependency with functionalism.
All the three theories of sociology are distinct from each other and have a common sociological perspective which shares the similarities and differences for evaluating the society. Many socialist contributes to the theories. All the three contributes to the sociology in an influential manner. The social stability is observed by functionalism. The conflict theory stimulates inequality by dividing the society into two classes (Király et al., 2013). The symbolic interactionism focuses on an individual who shares and uses symbolic meaning.
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Dew, K. (2014). Structural Functionalism. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society.
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Hannan, P. (2013). Social Conflict Theory.
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Dionysiou, D. D., & Tsoukas, H. (2013). Understanding the (re) creation of routines from within: A symbolic interactionist perspective. Academy of Management Review, 38(2), 181-205.
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Király, G., Pataki, G., Köves, A., & Balázs, B. (2013). Models of (future) society: Bringing social theories back in backcasting. Futures, 51, 19-30.
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