Business and Economic differences in Culture and Values

Requirement

Paper must answer all the following points:
1. Discuss culture, values, ethics, and other such h elements that lead to differences in social culture.
2. Explain the business and economic implications of differences in culture and values.
3. Compare and contrast how differences in social culture influence values in the work place.
4. Identify the ethical issues and ethical dilemmas faced by international businesses.
5. Discuss what managers can do to incorporate ethical considerations into their decision making. You can use a specific country or countries as your focus.

Solutions

1. Discuss culture, values, ethics, and other such elements that lead to differences in social culture. 

The different social strata and hence the corporate world are not untouched by the deciding factors that are the evolved elements of complex human nature as a whole. In any case, these elements are of paramount significance as to how a company stands and how its employees behave in a certain manner so as to frame business’ role and a purpose beyond making profit(Millar, 2004). These elements are:

  • Values: the values essentially refer to the deep beliefs as well as ideals collectively shared by the society as to what is good and what is not. Values make significant influence on the behavior and attitude of a person that remains a methodical tool for him/her in order to tackle situations thereafter. For example, justice, fairness, innovation and community involvement.

  • Culture: a culture is a particular characteristic belonging to a social group that defines their ways of life, their behaviors, beliefs, values and the symbols that they readily accept without ever pondering about them. The factors the give rise to a culture are: language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.

  • Ethics: the word “ethics” encompasses the well identified standards of what is right and what is wrong. That is, ethics is an inner institution that prescribe what humans ought to do rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness and/or specific virtues. The ethical standards include standards related to rights, such as the right to life, the right to freedom from injury and the right to privacy.

  • Human nature: it is a set of distinguishing characteristics that are attributed to the humans and which controls our ways of thinking, feeling and acting. 

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2. Explain the business and economic implications of differences in culture and values.

The culture comprises world view and social practices and is highly influential in expressing and sustaining the relevance of the values that are ingrained in culture itself. In business and economic points of view, the differences in cultures and values may have deep impacts create unsettling trends even for the generations to come. For an example culture affects the application of management principles in businesses, while the values profusely impact the attitudes, perceptions and behaviors of the people that play a significant role in shaping the businesses(Sinclair, 1993). In economic sense, culture is necessary in order to first identify domestic needs, values, and behaviors, and then adapt the management practices before implementation. Whereas, the values create proper kind of environment that is necessary for discussing and assessing the importance of preferences for the economy. Cultural as well as value differences in businesses and economy can be used to explain differences in individual performance and to predict job satisfaction to develop a committed workforce.

3. Compare and contrast how differences in social culture influence values in the work place. 

Culture is a key that brings success in establishing a business internationally. So, it is crucial to understand the role of social culture in influencing values in the work place. The differences in culture can have a direct influence of the profitability of an organization. It can help people by enabling them to gain a competitive edge. So, the critical aspects of the culture that impact values in the work place are as follows:

  • Communication: one of the most important factors of a company’s success, communication brings efficiency in the work place. But, a palpable cultural difference can hamper the proper communication channel that in turn influences values and hence the productivity of the business.

  • Understanding customer needs:it is an important aspect of culture that paves the way for increased productivity by enhancing the values of the people in the work place. For example, in a company, different employees belong to different social culture and because of that they have a different approach as far as addressing customer needs is concerned(Harrison, 2008). So, this difference of their approach greatly influences their values 

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4. Identify the ethical issues and ethical dilemmas faced by international businesses.

The source as well as nature of ethical issues in a business are as follows:

  • Employment practices:the rights of the labor is an important issue that arose on account of unacceptable practices on the part of companies. So, it is important for businesses to identify these practices and apply good ethics.

  • Human rights: the basic responsibility of a company is to confer fundamental right of humanity to its employees. Sometimes this necessary aspect is compromised in an organization. Which is why most of the multinational companies nowadayare very careful about this aspect.

  • Environmental Pollution: it is a burning issue of today’s generation and Multinational companies are often accused of ignoring environmental regulations because certain of their manufacturing plant activities are said to be polluted the airand environment(Palmer, 2010).

  • Corruption and bribery: it is the most well-known aspect of global ethical dilemmas being faced by the multinational companies. On the one hand, itincreases the in-competencies and low productivities in the companies, while, on the other, it leads a country on the path of poverty.  

  • In order to deal with the ethical dilemmas effectively, multinational companies practiceseither of these two effective ways they are ethical relativism and ethical universalism.

5. Discuss what managers can do to incorporate ethical considerations into their decision making. You can use a specific country or countries as your focus.

To incorporate ethical considerations in to the decision making of an organization essentially means as to how the standards of the society are used. So, the basic premise is to differentiate right or wrong behavior as the basis for business’ plans and policies. It is the ethics that shape the decisions as well as actions of individuals in a small business. The decisions made by the managers of a company are such that directly affect customers, employees, investors, vendors as well as the community as all of these entities look to him in order to follow the standards(Jones, 1991).
For example, American business ethics are based around the idea that it is possible to maximize wealth and profit while also being committed to upholding values and laws.

References

  • Harrison, L. (2008). The central liberal truth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  • Jones, T. (1991). ETHICAL DECISION MAKING BY INDIVIDUALS IN ORGANIZATIONS: AN ISSUE-CONTINGENT MODEL. Academy Of Management Review, 16(2), 366-395. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1991.4278958

  • Millar, M. (2004). Ethics, Accountability and the Social Professions, Sarah Banks, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, pp. xiv + 221, ISBN 0 333 75166 3. British Journal Of Social Work, 34(7), 1065-1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bch143

  • Palmer, D. (2010). Ethical issues in e-business. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference.

  • Sinclair, A. (1993). Approaches to organisational culture and ethics. J Bus Ethics, 12(1), 63-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01845788

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