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The application of actants network theory to recent computer news story from reliable technology news story, such as the BBC recent technology story.
“Within modern computing, every actant acts on or is acted upon by at least one other actant, in order to fulfil the aims of the assemblage.” Discuss this statement by following the tasks below.Select TWO computing news stories of your choice, published anytime between 01/02/2016 and 15/04/2016. Analyse these using Actor Network Theory.
Your analysis should be written as an essay, and include the following points:
Describe why Actor-Network Theory is a relevant theory for studying computing.
Name and categorise the actants in your stories. Describe how they are “acting” upon other actants in the assemblage. Include the connection between the hardware and software actants, as well as other categories of actants. Such as structural actants , digital actants
Discuss how the actions of the software actants can enhance management functions within the computing news stories.
How can you link your analysis to some of the larger issues/questions raised due to the constant use of computing within modern society. Discuss some of advantages/disadvantages of contemporary computing. To achieve this, compare and contrast the viewpoints of a range of theorists and critics such as techno pessimist- Evgeny Morozov, Nicholas Carr. And optimist such as Mark Stevenson and Clay shirky
Conclude by summarising how your answers relate to the statement “Within modern computing, every actant acts on or is acted upon by at least one other actant, in order to fulfil the aims of the assemblage”.
Add an appendix which includes definitions of at least four computing terms or concepts used in your assignment. One of these terms MUST be software.
This not is not a descriptive essay on ACTOR NETWORK THEORY BUT ACTOR NETWORK THEORY SHOULD BE USED TO analyse THE TWO RECENT COMPUTER STORY IN 2016 ,How the actants connects to each other to from an assemblage
Actor Network Theory (ANT)
Established in science and innovation contemplates. As a strategy for doing inside and out exploration, it has now been utilized as a part of different territories of science too. The theory focuses on the associations that are being made and changed in the middle of human and non-human substances that are a piece of the issue in question. It goes beyond the borders that are usually set: ANT does not stop the investigation when it enters settings or alleged “hidden structures”. Following back associations should be possible by (participatory) perception, report analysis or in-depth meetings.
Actor Network Theory (ANT) is established in science and innovation studies. It has been created from the 1980s by Bruno Latour, Michel Callon, and John Law. Since the 1980s ANT has been utilized as a part of numerous varieties. Despite the fact that ANT conveys "theory" in its name, it is better taken a method for doing a research. Still ANT carries some substantive components in it that can't be dismissed while doing ANT driven exploration.
To put it plainly, ANT can be characterized as an investigation technique with an attention on the associations between both human and non-human substances. It depicts how these associations lead to the formation of new elements that don't as a matter of course practice the total of attributes of constituent elements. This can be contrasted with what happens if a scientific expert assembles two chemicals. Another case of such combination of elements into another element is the gunman case that was presented by Latour in Pandora's Hope. Here it is expressed that a man and a gunman can shape another element when they are associated with a third substance: the gunman. In spite of what has been contended by the American star weapon campaign, a man can not shoot somebody without anyone else's input. In any case, it can't be said either that the gunman is the reason for all issues. Weapons that shoot somebody independent from anyone else are stopped uncommon. The association that ANT needs the scientist to concentrate on is the association that brings the man and the weapon together and accordingly makes a gunman. A gunman is not the same as both a man and a gunman as in a shooter can shoot somebody while both the man and the weapon can't do only this. This case additionally demonstrates that ANT driven investigation that can think of sudden conclusions. From this illustration, we could presume that war is created by neither man nor weapons. It is the association between the two elements that we need to fault for all the coldblooded occurrences that happen with it consistently (DANKERT, 2011). On the off chance that we would have the capacity to separate the associations in the middle of men and gunman the presence of both man and weapons would not be an issue any longer.
The attention on associations demonstrates ANT is a constructivist theory. Despite the fact that the word on-screen character recommends that the technique is about systems of individuals, this is not the situation. As we have seen from the sample of the gunman a performing artist can likewise be non-human. For this situation, the on-screen character gunman is a piece of the on-screen character network gunman. As we should find in the following area of this section, the word actant would in this manner be more proper.
During fieldwork associations in between of people and non-people can be followed. Just traceable associations from the observational information will be part of the portrayal that is made by the ANT scientist. This depiction uncovers the associations that prompt the formation of a specific substance. For instance a gunman. ANT also wants to focus on how connections were established. This must be uncovered through hands-on work since it should be possible distinctively each and every time.
For ANT presence is to begin with, the essence is second. The gunman from our illustration just is a gunman after the constituent components were associated. In this manner ANT does not hunt down characters, but instead for the associating and reconnecting of substances that shape and reshape the essence of a specific element. Understanding what this truly implies obliges us to first go into the way in which the ANT comprehends the idea of truth. In reasoning, there is a partition in the middle of pioneer and postmodernist pondering the meaning of truth. The ANT rejects both innovator and postmodernist philosopher. Innovator scholars trust that truth is something that is out there free from people. It just must be found by the researcher. Postmodernist scholars don't put stock in the idea of truth by any stretch of the imagination, or they believe that each individual can make his own particular truth. For ANT, truth ought to be comprehended as a situation that can't be denied in a down to earth sense. In advanced Western social orders, for instance, the announcement that individuals needn't bother with houses would accordingly be viewed as not genuine. For ANT truth exists, however, it can change after some time. That is: characters can change. When we remember this origination of truth, it is coherent that ANT does not have any desire to concentrate on truth or substances themselves. Or maybe ought to be focussed on the strengths that shape and reshape the genuine embodiments the scientist faces while doing hands-on work.
Actor Network Theory (ANT) is established in science and innovation studies. It has been created from the 1980s by Bruno Latour, Michel Callon, and John Law. Since the 1980s ANT has been utilized as a part of numerous varieties. Despite the fact that ANT conveys "theory" in its name, it is better taken a method for doing a research. Still ANT carries some substantive components in it that can't be dismissed while doing ANT driven exploration.
To put it plainly, ANT can be characterized as an investigation technique with an attention on the associations between both human and non-human substances. It depicts how these associations lead to the formation of new elements that don't as a matter of course practice the total of attributes of constituent elements. This can be contrasted with what happens if a scientific expert assembles two chemicals. Another case of such combination of elements into another element is the gunman case that was presented by Latour in Pandora's Hope. Here it is expressed that a man and a gunman can shape another element when they are associated with a third substance: the gunman. In spite of what has been contended by the American star weapon campaign, a man can not shoot somebody without anyone else's input. In any case, it can't be said either that the gunman is the reason for all issues. Weapons that shoot somebody independent from anyone else are stopped uncommon. The association that ANT needs the scientist to concentrate on is the association that brings the man and the weapon together and accordingly makes a gunman. A gunman is not the same as both a man and a gunman as in a shooter can shoot somebody while both the man and the weapon can't do only this. This case additionally demonstrates that ANT driven investigation that can think of sudden conclusions. From this illustration, we could presume that war is created by neither man nor weapons. It is the association between the two elements that we need to fault for all the coldblooded occurrences that happen with it consistently (DANKERT, 2011). On the off chance that we would have the capacity to separate the associations in the middle of men and gunman the presence of both man and weapons would not be an issue any longer.
The attention on associations demonstrates ANT is a constructivist theory. Despite the fact that the word on-screen character recommends that the technique is about systems of individuals, this is not the situation. As we have seen from the sample of the gunman a performing artist can likewise be non-human. For this situation, the on-screen character gunman is a piece of the on-screen character network gunman. As we should find in the following area of this section, the word actant would in this manner be more proper.
During fieldwork associations in between of people and non-people can be followed. Just traceable associations from the observational information will be part of the portrayal that is made by the ANT scientist. This depiction uncovers the associations that prompt the formation of a specific substance. For instance a gunman. ANT also wants to focus on how connections were established. This must be uncovered through hands-on work since it should be possible distinctively each and every time.
For ANT presence is to begin with, the essence is second. The gunman from our illustration just is a gunman after the constituent components were associated. In this manner ANT does not hunt down characters, but instead for the associating and reconnecting of substances that shape and reshape the essence of a specific element. Understanding what this truly implies obliges us to first go into the way in which the ANT comprehends the idea of truth. In reasoning, there is a partition in the middle of pioneer and postmodernist pondering the meaning of truth. The ANT rejects both innovator and postmodernist philosopher. Innovator scholars trust that truth is something that is out there free from people. It just must be found by the researcher. Postmodernist scholars don't put stock in the idea of truth by any stretch of the imagination, or they believe that each individual can make his own particular truth. For ANT, truth ought to be comprehended as a situation that can't be denied in a down to earth sense. In advanced Western social orders, for instance, the announcement that individuals needn't bother with houses would accordingly be viewed as not genuine. For ANT truth exists, however, it can change after some time. That is: characters can change. When we remember this origination of truth, it is coherent that ANT does not have any desire to concentrate on truth or substances themselves. Or maybe ought to be focussed on the strengths that shape and reshape the genuine embodiments the scientist faces while doing hands-on work.
Computing stories
Largest Data Breach Ever In the Philippines
Today it turns out that hackers have been able to steal ID card and fingerprint data of 55 million citizens in the Philippines. The data breach at COMELEC, the election commission of the Philippines, appears to be the result of bad luck and poor decision making (philstar.com, 2016).
Play station VR Possibly Comes to PC
Sony does not exclude the possibility that its virtual reality headset Play station VR will someday become available for desktop computers (Computerstories.net, 2016).
Actants with agency
Above we have utilized the word performing artist. Performing artist’s structure assemblies that ANT calls on-screen character systems. Be that as it may, in spite of the fact that it's in its name, ANT does not utilize the word performing artist in its standard significance. The word actant would be more fitting. An actant is what finishes or experiences a demonstration. They contrast from on-screen characters in light of the fact that an actant can be a human, as well as a creature, item or idea that performs or experiences a demonstration. Using the word actant people, creatures, items and ideas are dealt with similarly in an explanatory sense. The ANT does not deny that there can be enormous contrasts between various actants. In any case, if so, the analyst ought to discover proof for this amid the hands on work.
ANT concedes to standard human science when it expresses that on-screen characters have the ability to change different performing artists. This force is called the organization. When we act we generally associate with others. As John Law has expressed: “interaction is all that there is". During these associations, we change different actants. In the meantime, be that as it may, we are being changed by different actants. Subterranean insect calls attention to that person, as well as non-human elements are affecting us continually. A few individuals 'need to' watch when a TV screen in their encompassing is turned on, and a computer that accidents every now and then can make you truly edgy. Then again, individuals impact TVs by turning them off. Also, the framework director can settle a computer. For structures this additionally checks. People first shape structures and afterward are being molded by the same structures. For instance, through the wiped out building disorder structures rehearse office to impact people.
“Within modern computing, every actant acts on or is acted upon by at least one other actant, in order to fulfill the aims of the assemblage”.
The way that ANT does not make an explanatory qualification in the middle of people and non-people is in some cases viewed as strange or even as flawed. Some of the time these commentators are bases on a mistaken perspective of how ANT manages people and non-people. The contrasts in the middle of people and nonhumans are not disregarded, but rather have no from the earlier significance for ANT drove studies. In the event that we investigate the contention in more detail, we will see that it is conceivable to put forth this expression. Subsequently, we need to recognize items and things. To the vast majority, an item is something that is steady. It doesn't change. Examples are a chair or a computer. Be that as it may, things are a more theoretical term. It can likewise point at something that is not as steady as an item in the conventional definition. Insect sees objects as things that are the provisional after-effect of an arrangement of associations. For whatever length of time that these associations hold, the article has the same quintessence. It is not changed by others, and it doesn't transform others either.
Above we have utilized the word performing artist. Performing artist’s structure assemblies that ANT calls on-screen character systems. Be that as it may, in spite of the fact that it's in its name, ANT does not utilize the word performing artist in its standard significance. The word actant would be more fitting. An actant is what finishes or experiences a demonstration. They contrast from on-screen characters in light of the fact that an actant can be a human, as well as a creature, item or idea that performs or experiences a demonstration. Using the word actant people, creatures, items and ideas are dealt with similarly in an explanatory sense. The ANT does not deny that there can be enormous contrasts between various actants. In any case, if so, the analyst ought to discover proof for this amid the hands on work.
ANT concedes to standard human science when it expresses that on-screen characters have the ability to change different performing artists. This force is called the organization. When we act we generally associate with others. As John Law has expressed: “interaction is all that there is". During these associations, we change different actants. In the meantime, be that as it may, we are being changed by different actants. Subterranean insect calls attention to that person, as well as non-human elements are affecting us continually. A few individuals 'need to' watch when a TV screen in their encompassing is turned on, and a computer that accidents every now and then can make you truly edgy. Then again, individuals impact TVs by turning them off. Also, the framework director can settle a computer. For structures this additionally checks. People first shape structures and afterward are being molded by the same structures. For instance, through the wiped out building disorder structures rehearse office to impact people.
“Within modern computing, every actant acts on or is acted upon by at least one other actant, in order to fulfill the aims of the assemblage”.
The way that ANT does not make an explanatory qualification in the middle of people and non-people is in some cases viewed as strange or even as flawed. Some of the time these commentators are bases on a mistaken perspective of how ANT manages people and non-people. The contrasts in the middle of people and nonhumans are not disregarded, but rather have no from the earlier significance for ANT drove studies. In the event that we investigate the contention in more detail, we will see that it is conceivable to put forth this expression. Subsequently, we need to recognize items and things. To the vast majority, an item is something that is steady. It doesn't change. Examples are a chair or a computer. Be that as it may, things are a more theoretical term. It can likewise point at something that is not as steady as an item in the conventional definition. Insect sees objects as things that are the provisional after-effect of an arrangement of associations. For whatever length of time that these associations hold, the article has the same quintessence. It is not changed by others, and it doesn't transform others either.
References
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Place Your OrderComputerhope.com. (2016). What is software?. [online] Available at: http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/software.htm [Accessed 9 Apr. 2016].
Computerstories.net. (2016). Computer Stories - Technology made easy. [online] Available at: http://computerstories.net/ [Accessed 9 Apr. 2016].
Cressman, D. (2009). A Brief Overview of Actor-Network Theory: Actualization, Heterogeneous Engineering & Translation. [online] Available at: http://blogs.sfu.ca/departments/cprost/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/0901.pdf [Accessed 9 Apr. 2016].
DANKERT, R. (2011). Using Actor-Network Theory (ANT) doing research. [online] Tips over belied make, shriven a UI TVO Eren. Available at: http://ritskedankert.nl/using-actor-network-theory-ant-doing-research/ [Accessed 9 Apr. 2016].
law, j. (2007). Actor-Network Theory (ANT) - Learning Theories. [online] Learning Theories. Available at: http://www.learning-theories.com/actor-network-theory-ant.html [Accessed 9 Apr. 2016].
philstar.com. (2016). Comelec hack puts data of 55M registered voters at risk, security firm says. [online] Available at: http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/04/08/1570934/comelec-hack-puts-data-55m-registered-voters-risk-security-firm-says [Accessed 9 Apr. 2016].
WhatIs.com. (2016). What is Playstation? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] Available at: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Playstation [Accessed 9 Apr. 2016].
Computerstories.net. (2016). Computer Stories - Technology made easy. [online] Available at: http://computerstories.net/ [Accessed 9 Apr. 2016].
Cressman, D. (2009). A Brief Overview of Actor-Network Theory: Actualization, Heterogeneous Engineering & Translation. [online] Available at: http://blogs.sfu.ca/departments/cprost/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/0901.pdf [Accessed 9 Apr. 2016].
DANKERT, R. (2011). Using Actor-Network Theory (ANT) doing research. [online] Tips over belied make, shriven a UI TVO Eren. Available at: http://ritskedankert.nl/using-actor-network-theory-ant-doing-research/ [Accessed 9 Apr. 2016].
law, j. (2007). Actor-Network Theory (ANT) - Learning Theories. [online] Learning Theories. Available at: http://www.learning-theories.com/actor-network-theory-ant.html [Accessed 9 Apr. 2016].
philstar.com. (2016). Comelec hack puts data of 55M registered voters at risk, security firm says. [online] Available at: http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/04/08/1570934/comelec-hack-puts-data-55m-registered-voters-risk-security-firm-says [Accessed 9 Apr. 2016].
WhatIs.com. (2016). What is Playstation? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] Available at: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Playstation [Accessed 9 Apr. 2016].
Appendix
Software: Sometimes abbreviated as SW and S/W, programming is an accumulation of directions that empower the client to collaborate with a computer, its equipment, or perform undertakings. Without programming, a computer would be futile. For instance, without your Internet program, you couldn't surf the Internet or read this page and without a working framework, the program couldn't keep running on your computer (Computerhope.com, 2016). The photo to the right demonstrates a Microsoft Excel box, a case of a spreadsheet programming program.
Play station: Play station is a computer game console created by Sony. The main Play station was discharged in 1994, trailed by Play station 2 (PS2) in 2000 and Play station 3 (PS3) in 2006. The initial version of the console represented to a critical change regarding realistic quality over the current cartridge players of the mid-1990s (WhatIs.com, 2016). Games encoded on CD-ROM s permitted speedier stacking times, enhanced graphical user interfaces (GUI s) and wealthier visual situations.
Computing: Computing is any objective situated movement requiring, profiting from, or making a scientific grouping of steps known as a calculation — e.g. through computers. Computing includes planning, creating and assembling equipment and programming frameworks; handling, organizing, and overseeing different sorts of data; doing logical exploration on and with a computer; making computer frameworks carry on wisely, and making and utilizing interchanges and diversion media. The field of computing includes designing, programming building, software engineering, data frameworks, and data innovation.
COMELEC: The Commission on Elections, or COMELEC, is an autonomous Constitutional Commission ordered to give life and intending to the fundamental rule that "sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them." It was built up as an established body by ideals of Resolution No.73, or the 1940 change to the 1935 Constitution and from that point forward, its enrollment was augmented and its forces extended by the 1973 and 1987 Constitutions (law, 2007). The Commission practices regulatory and semi-legal forces, as well as legal force also.
Play station: Play station is a computer game console created by Sony. The main Play station was discharged in 1994, trailed by Play station 2 (PS2) in 2000 and Play station 3 (PS3) in 2006. The initial version of the console represented to a critical change regarding realistic quality over the current cartridge players of the mid-1990s (WhatIs.com, 2016). Games encoded on CD-ROM s permitted speedier stacking times, enhanced graphical user interfaces (GUI s) and wealthier visual situations.
Computing: Computing is any objective situated movement requiring, profiting from, or making a scientific grouping of steps known as a calculation — e.g. through computers. Computing includes planning, creating and assembling equipment and programming frameworks; handling, organizing, and overseeing different sorts of data; doing logical exploration on and with a computer; making computer frameworks carry on wisely, and making and utilizing interchanges and diversion media. The field of computing includes designing, programming building, software engineering, data frameworks, and data innovation.
COMELEC: The Commission on Elections, or COMELEC, is an autonomous Constitutional Commission ordered to give life and intending to the fundamental rule that "sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them." It was built up as an established body by ideals of Resolution No.73, or the 1940 change to the 1935 Constitution and from that point forward, its enrollment was augmented and its forces extended by the 1973 and 1987 Constitutions (law, 2007). The Commission practices regulatory and semi-legal forces, as well as legal force also.
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