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Requirement
What was the major social, cultural, political, and economic fallout of World War I?
Solution
Introduction
The world got shaken by the World War I (1914-1918). This is because, it did not happen before that the technology was put to such destructive ends, and the war had also never been such large in scope. Apart from the death of several empires and birth of several nations, the WWI led to redrawing of the national boundaries all over the world. Some countries got prospered by it but some faced economic depression. The fallouts of WWI were far reaching in the form of political, cultural, social and economic impacts. Some of them are listed below:
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Cultural fallouts
Earlier, people had a favour towards the collectivist culture. But after the WWI, this confidence got shattered. Many artists and creative people emerged who reacted to the tragedy that the people were facing. There was emergence of a new menace of totalitarianism that developed from the wreckage and the new technology. The western science depicted that it could be a menace. In a single day, during the Battle of the Somme, Great Britain lost 19,200 men, most in the first hour. The sheer loss of life that the participants in World War One experienced in such a short period of time was something dreadfully new and unprecedented (Mosier, 2011).
Social fallouts
The WWI disrupted the social norms that were followed for years and the progressive thinking got increased. The war changed the trend of countries towards liberalisation. But, when the social norms got broken, the feminism got propagated and women could do many tasks that were earlier booked for men.
But, the effects on that the war had on the minds of people did not want them to connect to people of the outside world. The distrust was developed for the political leaders and they were not able to come out of the horror and destruction that they faced during the war. The people felt disillusioned and they were moaning for the deaths of their loved ones for long time. So, it became difficult for the people to gain acceptance of the new social ties that were building and the benefits that liberalisation could give them were not seen by them.
Political fallouts
The Treaty of Versailles was signed that required Germany to make significant territorial concessions along the eastern and western borders (Coltheart, 2011). The focus was on ceding of Alsace-Lorraine to France because this was a cause of dispute between France and Germany for a long time. When Germany got victory in the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, this area got ceded to Germany, not France. But, France continued to make to make efforts to get it back. In WWI, France and Britain emerged as victorious powers and for fifteen years, they controlled Saarland. Poland and Denmark were the newly independent countries and the rest of the parts of Germany were given to them.
Germany saw a socialist revolution during the end of WWI and Weimar Republic was created due to German Revolution of 1918-1919 (Haffner, 1986). This lasted until 1930s when the Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party seized power. Due to the defeat of Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire broke and it created several independent states. France and Britain controlled some of the broken parts and majorly the split parts emerged as Republic of Turkey.
Economic fallouts
The economic fallouts were observed by Germany, Britain and France. The Treaty of Versailles was signed that required Germany to make payment to Allies which was called reparations. These were very heavy in numbers and created tension under the Weimar Republic because Germany was also facing a devastated infrastructure. This created economic depression in the country (Carr, 1969).
The country was also staggering from unemployment and hyperinflation. The currency was devalued to such an extent that the people could not even buy the items of daily needs.
In 1929, the stock market of America crashed and it led to spread of great depression to Germany. The condition became so bad that it led to emergence of Nazi power.
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The major fallouts were observed by Germany. Other countries also suffered but they somehow managed to nullify the effects. For example, WWI made US emerge as the world superpower. But, on the other hand this situation fractured Empires like Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russia into several independent nations. This is in a sense a fallout as well as an advantage for them for the future.
The fallout did not touch countries like USA as the factories there were unharmed and performed better than before. But, Germany again suffered the most in many ways.
References
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Carr, W. (1969). A history of Germany, 1815-1945. St. Martin's Press.
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Coltheart, L. (2011). Treaty of Versailles.
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Haffner, S. (1986). Failure of a revolution: Germany 1918-1919. Banner Pr.Mosier, J. (2011). The Myth of the Great War: A New Military History Of World War 1. Harper Collins.
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