To plan and implement organizational change

The business environment in many ways is very diverse and complex and to those who understand it find it very easy and simple. In simple words, business is the exchange of goods and services for money.
The key to having successful business is to understand a change and to go through it. Economies are going through many changes since centuries and have adapted the changes and presented the world in a way we see now with our eyes.
The industrialization made the industries to use the machines instead of the workers in order to cope with the hard times prevailing at those times, to cut the cost and to remain in the business as due to the fall of the economy many industries were shutting down and most of them were adopting the new technology of machines to make the work done easier and faster. Industrialization was a change that changed the face of business.
The another change in the history of business and organizations was globalization which led to the international integration, the interchange of views, ideas, mutual sharing and other aspects of culture. It led to the entry of the businesses in the international boundaries, the modes of communication and transportation changed which led to huge changes in the world. The invention of mobile phone and the internet further changed everything.
These all changes no matter how small or big matters a lot in the today's' world and those who cope with changes and use them to their advantages make history. (Yukl, 1981)

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Organizational change

In today's' world teams and organizations face rapid changes like never before. Globalization and industrialization have enabled the organizations to increase their markets and strategies to make more revenue and growth. However, these increased diversification has made the organizations study and observe the markets more carefully to cope up with these continuous changes to remain in the business.
The organizational changes occur when the companies or organizations go through a transformation.
These changes can be business strategy change, major sections of the organizations being altered, reorganization, reconstructing or turnaround. (Study.com, 2016)

Importance of managers during change

The increased scrutiny of stakeholders, increase in the compensation of the executives while decrease in the wages of the other employees these are the typical changes that most of the organizations are going through, and this makes the organizations hire selectively and train their leaders and managers, because it is the job of the manager to make the work done through the other subordinates in the most efficient and effective manner.
Managers can be both ally and obstacle at the time of change in an organization, reasons being they are the closest to the employees and have to guide and train them regarding the new projects and initiatives and help them to adopt the new processes and behaviors related to those changes. (Floyd, 2002)

Change management

The process of dealing with the impact of the change in any organization is known as change management. This ability of the managers to cope with these changes themselves and help their other subordinates as well is the change management. This approach is structured to ensure that the change initiatives are thoroughly and smoothly implemented and that the benefits are everlasting:
Types of change that may occur in an organization may include:
the change of the business process
organizational restructure / reorganization
the change in culture due to the new CEO
the change of the facilities or the location
the change of the staff levels
the change in the IT or the System
the change of the service staff or citizens
the change in the employment conditions.
When done in a proper manner change management accelerates the successful implementation of change initiatives. (Magala, 2007)

The simulation experience

From the simulation experience used for this study as the reference, we come to know about the various problems that the managers face in their work life and how to try to deal with them. The manager in the simulation experience is not used to of dealing with the changes and not comfortable with adapting the new environment, the other problem with the manager is that he doesn't try to adapt to the changes unless there is a situation that leads him to change in the end. But the good thing about the manager is that he is willing to change himself to make himself a better person and a manager. The ability to adapt to these changes will improve his personal as well as working life. This shows that managers are not born with the special qualities and that they also learn and train themselves to become the mangers just like the other human beings who strive to become doctors, engineers, lawyers or architect.

What are personal competencies and why are they important?

Competencies are the knowledge, skills and attributes one can develop at every aspect of his life. Most of the employers of the organizations focus on the competencies in their hiring process. The successful business administrators recognize their competencies and market them in their resumes in the most effective manner and use them in the interviews.
The personal competencies of a manager enable him to take the right decisions in the time of needs and guide his subordinates on to the right path. The manager should have a good relation with his subordinates and should be able to understand the personal as well as the work problems of his subordinates. If the manager can understand his subordinates, they won't shy away to give their valuable ideas and suggestions that could make the work more easy and effective. The generation and implementation of the new ideas leads to innovation which is the most important thing in the rapidly changing business environment. (Civelli, 1998)

Reflection

In the simulation experience used the manager says he used the practice of reflection to make himself a better person and a better manager. But what is this reflection?
The reflection or in other words reflective practice is the capacity of a person to reflect on action so that he can engage himself in a process of continuous learning. It involves playing critical attention to the things around finding practical values and theories from them by examining practice reflectively and reflexively. It says that experience does not necessarily mean learning, reflection on the experience deliberately leads to better learning and understanding.
In the simulation experience, the manager says that he adopted several strategies in his work by observing the nature of the changes implemented and learned the ways to respond to those changes.
The person who practices reflection is not only looking at his past actions or events, but he is taking a look at his:
Emotions
Experiences
Actions
Responses
These observation helps him to rich a level of understanding of himself to change the way he sees things the manager used this method to change the way he sees things and achieved a higher level of understanding of his business. (Reynolds, 1998)
The most important personal skills that a manager or leader should possess:

Open mindedness and adaptability

All the managers are required to have an open mind to grasp the knowledge from all the boundaries so that they can learn from their experiences and change themselves for the betterment. A good manager should know that all the times are not equal, and they should always be ready for the possible challenges that they may face in the future. The adaptability helps them to be open them to these changes and adopt themselves in every situation so that they never have any work related problems and can avoid them as much as possible. A manager has many responsibilities like guiding his subordinates, making them understand all the aspects of the business. He also may have to travel a lot because of his work to other areas, states, countries even continents, so must always be ready to adapt to different cultures and work environments.
The manager in the simulation experience knew his strengths and weaknesses and used them to adopt the changes taking place in his work, for example, he said that his greatest strength is open-mindedness which is one the most important personal competency required for any successful manager. He knew that he could adopt to the changing environment by reasoning the requirements of change and he analyzed the situation when a new product was introduced in his organization, and he was confused how to retain the old customers and how to handle the new customers. There was no specific division in his organization to provide the contract to the new customers to sign before they do the business. This open-mindedness helped him to cope with this situation and did not lead to any mess. (Civelli, 1998)

Leadership and team building skills

Employees seek the managers who have the strong leadership skills who can guide and train their subordinates towards their goals, and who can build trust among his subordinates. Leadership is about having a vision of what you want to achieve with the help of the others. A leader is the one who can motivate others and can be trusted. The leader should have team building skill which is very important and should be able to from teams out of his subordinates so that they can learn together, grow and work towards a specific goal. The leader should listen actively to his team members and offer support whenever necessary.
The manager in the simulation experience has the leadership and the team building skills as he knows that his organization's new product is a nuclear battery, and it involves sensitive issues and concerns. He knows that he and his team will have to work very carefully and effectively about this situation so that the contract division can look into the matter carefully and indicate conditions that the company's benefits, as well as the counterparty, 's so that they can fair to them. This shows that a manager is a true person. And he knows how to guide his team to working smoothly as all the works are synchronized and he and his team has to perform tasks at the same time. (Kinkus, 2007)

Self-awareness and initiative

The leaders and managers of today should be self-aware and should be able to understand and know their emotions and use them according to the situation for their betterment and they should focus on their development personally and professionally. The self-awareness helps a person to understand his emotions by self-assessment and using that self-assessment to make himself a better person, it is a fact that self-awareness and assessment helps a person to become confident and trustworthy. It helps a person to find out his strengths and weaknesses.
According to Daniel Goldman people who are self-aware can self-assess themselves and know their strengths and weaknesses, they are reflective and are capable of learning from their experiences. Self-aware people are open to feedback and suggestions from the others. And they know how to laugh at their mistakes and do not get offended easily to hold a grudge.
The manager in the simulation experience is self-aware as he knows his strengths and weaknesses and is open to the new changes in his work environment. He is willing to make himself a better person by taking the new opportunities and experiences. He has a strong presence and is certain about his values, goals, and capabilities. He is self-controlled and knows how to stay focused under pressure and keep himself calm and composed.
He is a proactive person and initiative. He knows he has to be fast and prepares in advance because of the nature of his work and business. First he was struggling to keep up with the number of orders, but now he can take care of all the orders, new and old customers. He delivers all the orders on time which are in tons from various customers. (wenberg, n.d.)

Finance skills

The managers of every organization whether the financial or non-financial need to have some of the financial skills so that they can have a clear understanding of the organizations credit or debit reports. They have to make all the forecasts regarding the demand and supply of the products. They have to maintain the data of the new and the old customers, their information, orders and the deliveries. It's not necessary that all the managers should have an extensive knowledge of accounts and finance but some of the basic knowledge and skills are required to have a smooth managerial commitment to the organization, think of a manager without any of the basic accounting skill who doesn't even know the inflow and the outflow of the money, how is he or she supposed to handle the department if they cannot even do the basic things that a manager is supposed to do and take care of.
The manager in the simulation experience has a real knowledge of financial skills and knows his responsibilities properly. He knows that he has to create all the credit and debit report, he knows that a tight credit policy can make him go through the losses of the credits and the transactions too. So he has to do the tasks with extreme care because tight credit policy means losses of securities and transactions and loose credit policy means high counterparty risks. This is why credit analyzes are essential for every firm and every manager should know it. Being a finance assistant he also has to go through all the data created and analyzed by the credit team and provide a non-biased and an accurate report on the information of the clients. He has to make the credit team self-sufficient and reliable by guiding and supporting them. This skill is necessary for all the managers because the decisions related to affect the business directly. (Smith, 1976)

Communication skills

A good manager should have a good communication skills without which all the other skills may go to waste and create the problem for him and the organization. No matter how intelligent and innovative a person is if he does not have the communication skill how he will share his thoughts and ideas with the other people. The most of the organizations are encouraging their employees to share their ideas. Every person needs communication skill to persuade and convince the others into adopting his ideas. It is a gateway in achieving the goals and achievements of an individual. The communication skills are not required for only the manager but the other employees of the organization as well from higher to lower level.
The manager in the simulation experience has good communication skills and he knows how to talk about his problems effectively and openly and can make the people understand his views easily. The main function he performs in his organization is to act as a linkage between the front and the back office people of his organization, so he needs to have excellent communication skills to make the communication effective and understand the ideas and thoughts of the people of all the departments of his organization. (Yukl, 1981)

The conclusion

The organizations are vast and diverse. The business environment is changing rapidly; there comes a need for the organizations to hire the best managers who can take care of all the work, their team and subordinates effectively and help the organizations to achieve all their goals and objectives.
Without a good manager, all the operations of an organization may fail, and they might face losses or even the end of the business. Selective hiring of competent managers and train them accordingly can make things very easy and simple for the organizations. All the managers must have the most basic as well as the most important personal competency so that they work efficiently and prove valuable assets to their employers.

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References

butler, p. (2004). Retrieved 5 February 2016, from http://www.tlrp.org/project%20sites/Learningaswork/High%20Performance%20Management.pdf
Civelli, F. (1998). Personal competencies, organizational competencies, and employability. Industrial And Commercial Training, 30(2), 48-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197859810207652
Floyd, P. (2002). Organizational change. Oxford [England]: Capstone Pub. Chapter no. 8
Kinkus, J. (2007). Project Management Skills: A Literature Review and Content Analysis of Librarian Position Announcements. College & Research Libraries, 68(4), 352-363. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.68.4.352
Magala, S. (2007). Organizational change. Bradford: Emerald Group Press.
Morison, S., & McMullan, C. (2013). Preparing for the future: challenges and opportunities for management and leadership skills. BDJ, 214(1), E2-E2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.1177
Reynolds, M. (1998). Reflection and Critical Reflection in Management Learning. Management Learning, 29(2), 183-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350507698292004
Smith, J. (1976). The managers. Mankato, Minn.: Creative Education.
wenberg, k. oecd.org. Retrieved 5 February 2016, from http://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/Wennberg_Managing%20a%20HGF.pdf
Yukl, G. (1981). Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.

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