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Requirement
Paper will be required to have 900-¬1250 words. The paper is to be written as a philosophical criticism of any view of a philosopher (PLATO). Any other philosophers should be run by me before writing feel free to ask me anything you need about the paper topic. The paper is evaluated on structure (especially clarity of thesis and path statements, and the presence of a clear argument), and appropriate, critical, informative use of independent research (if needed). The paper should include Chicago Manual of Style footnotes for all sources, including sources from the textbook.
Solution
Introduction
Plato is considered as the world’s best known and commonly studied as well as read philosophers. Plato was the teacher of Aristotle and student of Socrates. There are a plethora of controversies over which work of Plato is authentic and in their order of being written owing to the manner of the preservation of his work over time and their antiquity. This paper present a philosophical criticism of some views of Plato.
Thesis Statement
The purpose of this paper is to present a philosophical criticism of theories given by the great philosopher Plato. The paper present the famous theories given by Plato along with their criticism. This paper focusses on his theory specifically his philosophy on the Analogy of Cave and presents criticism to Plato and his philosophy.
Discussion
Plato had utilized the Analogy of the Cave for criticizing the unphilosophical and for getting back at the Athens ruler who had executed his teacher Socrates. He pointed that the world that the people perceive was merely a world of illusions that contained the shadows of the so-called real world of the Form. He believed that all the objects present in the world directly correspond to the Form in the World that contained the Ideas.
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Criticisms
Plato used to believe that the experiences of the form usually pre-dates our experience with the real objects. His student Aristotle criticized his idea and believed that the Form usually gets developed via a continued experiences of the physical things.
World of the Form: Is it Reasonable?
Our access to the "world of ideas" does not see reasonable. It can be reasonably pointed out that there might be the presence of some "perfect forms" of the various concrete objects, and these mentioned ideas can exist eternally, however, the concrete objects are commonly subject to a constant change and alteration.
We can strongly present the concepts of perfection like justice, good, and beauty, however, the argument stated by Plato stating that there is a world concept like these do exist entirely unreasonable.If we think that these concepts are simply a better method of understanding the world surrounding us, then it might be existing only in the realm of the language, and it cannot be stated that it exists in the real "World of the Form."
Plato strongly argues that this so-called world of the form is essentially self-evident, making this concept criticized by many. Self-evident can only be taken into consideration in the case of presence of any incontrovertible evidence. If the claims by Plato regarding the self-evident world of form are true, then it should be considered that the nature of this world is also self-evident in nature. And as it happens, one would not debate over the nature of the form of the horse.
Real world and its relation to their Forms
If one imagines the presence of a “Form of the horse” and the objects in the real world are referring to it. Some questions like the ones mentioned below can be raised, does the particular single Form also refers to every object present or every object have their own form? Similarly, if a particular form of the Horse is considered as perfect, then are these varieties of horse that can be differentiated through their imperfections or is there only one form of each and every horse, donkey and mule ever to have lived?
Thus the theory can be understood to have focusing on Forms stating that the ideas or simply the abstract forms are the reality and the physical world and everything surrounding it is not. He believed that the material concepts are just a copy of our corresponding ideas in this non-material world. The foundation of his philosophy and works gives a likely solution for all the universal problems that relate to the connection between the particular concepts and the general concepts of the same sort.The philosopher believed in the general concepts and claimed that these are realer as compared to the particular ones.
The main criticism of Plato is that he could not take into consideration the presence of certain concepts that were quite general but did not really made any sense for them to be formed especially when applied to the concepts that are negatively defined. Further, there are myriads of concepts that cannot be generalized particularly.
Due to various levels of generalization, we claim that a particular dog is a dog, but it also comes under the category of animals. Of both the level of generalization, which can be included as a form? If we say that the highest level is classified as the Form then in the example of animals, how can one know what exactly a dog is? And if the answers are that both are Forms then the form of a dog is specific to the Form of an animal and hence clarifying the main point.
As mentioned by Plato, our knowledge, as well as the experiences, are enabled solely by the fact that our soul possess passive memories of the Forms and due to this we can easily recognize the material world and its manifestations that cannot be classified as learning but classified more as a remembrance. This point further points a question that is the material world needed if the Forms do exist independently and can be regarded as the highest form of the truth, what is the point of this material world.
Plato has asserted that the concept of good is related to the absolute nature, and it raises a problem as it points out to the question of how can recognize good and where does the good leave evil?
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Although, the propositions by Plato were purposed intuitively and had many issues the philosophy of Plato represents a critical milestone, and therefore it paved a path for other philosophers especially Aristotle who being his student disagreed with Plato and proposed his own philosophy was giving a better and general concept along with their properties.
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References
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Godwin, S. (n.d.). Criticisms of Plato?s Philosophy. [online] Scandalon.co.uk. Available at: http://www.scandalon.co.uk/philosophy/plato_criticism.htm [Accessed 21 Apr. 2016].
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Iep.utm.edu. (n.d.). Plato | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. [online] Available at: http://www.iep.utm.edu/plato/#SH6b [Accessed 21 Apr. 2016].
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Ditext.com. (n.d.). Plato. [online] Available at: http://www.ditext.com/demos/plato.html [Accessed 21 Apr. 2016].
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