Legal case study of “Montgomery (Appellant) v Lanarkshire Health Board (Respondent) (Scotland)”

  1. Home
  2. AllAssignmentHelp Samples
  3. Law
  4. Legal case study of “Montgomery (Appellant) v Lanarkshire Health Board (Respondent) (Scotland)”
152 16 19 4803

Requirement

1- Write a repot on "Eithcs and Law" in 3500 wprds with referce to APA 

Solution

Introduction

Ethics and Law both are a significant aspect for every individual. Ethics are some moral principles which every individual maintains in their day-to-day life. Ethical perspectives help to improve the daily lives of people. Moral principles enrich everyone’s life and also their lives that dwell around. Laws, on the contrary, are made to demonstrate the difference between unjust and just, “right and wrong”. As per the law perspective, the right is to get justice whereas the wrong is to get punished. There is an interconnected relationship between ethics and law. This particular study would try to demonstrate the broad theoretical perspectives of “Ethics and Law”. 

Case 1

Ethical dilemmas and undertaken approaches

The first legal case which has been considered for this particular study is “Montgomery (Appellant) v Lanarkshire Health Board (Respondent) (Scotland)”. The case was put before Lord Reed and Lord Kerr and many others. The judges undoubtedly underwent many ethical dilemmas while judging the case. There were various social and legal values which had to cross-checked by the judges to come to an ultimate decision (Sorokin, 2017). The two major ethical perspectives upon which this concerned case was evaluated were “Ethics of Care” and “Ethics of Justice”. The appellant charged the case upon the ground of less importance to “Duty of Care”. The appellant had her major charge that she was not provided with the proper care which any proper high-risk diabetic pregnant would be a mother was to provide. The judges, therefore, had to observe both the legal and ethical perspectives from this case. Both these concepts of Human Rights and “Duty of Care” are severely significant in this particular issue. The appellant Montgomery had definitely been deprived of human rights basic jurisdiction. She had definitely the right to know all the details about her pregnancy (Tebbit, 2017). Therefore the consultant should have disclosed all the risk factors about her pregnancy to Montgomery. 
The “Human Rights”, “Duty of Disclosure”, “Duty of Care" and "Justice" were the major dilemmas which the judges of this particular case underwent. All these moral values have much significance in the social scene. It is because without these moral and ethical values the humanity might not dwell in the proper scenario. Justice and Human Rights are two basic rights of every individual. Any patient also has the right to know about all the disclosures about her or his treatment (Capurro, 2018). The consulting doctors bear the responsibility to treat their patients with proper care. Therefore all these moral values which created utter dilemmas among the judges of this case have immense significance to the social concept.
All these above-mentioned moral values have also a legal association with them. That means these values are thoroughly protected under legal jurisdictions. "The Human Rights Act 1998" put all these moral values under its shade. This act strictly demonstrated that the justice should be levied upon every individual irrespective of her or his social, economic or political standings. The various "Medical treatment Acts" might also be levied upon this particular case. This is because it could not be denied that medical negligence had occurred in Montgomery’s case. The high risk of “the umbilical cords” occlusion was all along there (Coggon, 2016). Hence the doctor might have warned Montgomery previously. Montgomery might have opted for Caesarian delivery also if she would have warned about her high-risk delivery. There remains the chance that caesarian delivery might have not created the delivery complexities and the baby might have born with no disabilities. Therefore the Medical Council of Scotland who also intervened in this particular case might not deny their faults. The affirmation of “informed consent” and “informed choice” strictly relies upon the patient only. The medical board could not refuse to take charge of the disabled baby by saying that the consultant had hidden the fact of her high-risk pregnancy for her mental health (Doudenkova & Pipon, 2016, March). “Right to Information” and “Right to Disclosure” are some legal perspectives which could also be levied upon this case.
The Judges were put into huge dilemmas while the trails of the case although they adopted the application and approach of “Sidaway” for coming to a specific judgment to this case. The judgment clearly stated that the doctors need to be more aware and careful to the material and physical health of the critical patients. All the risks and treatment information should also be disclosed to them from time to time (Ferguson, Thornley & Gibb, 2016). The alternative treatment options should also be discussed with them. 

Philosophical perspectives

The judges of this particular case had adopted the philosophies of these famous figures. They mainly implemented the “Hybrid approach” to this particular case. Humanist approach was also considered here in this particular case. This particular case could also be seen from many philosophical perspectives. This particular case had underlined the philosophical approach called libertarianism. This particular philosophical approach had been completely aligned with the philosophical ideas of the ancient famous philosophers. Many famous ancient philosophers’ opinions could be referred to here. It is because philosophical conceptual frameworks would try to evaluate this case from ethical perspectives rather than only legal scenario. Many "critical continental thinkers" like Robert Nozick, J. S. Mill and John Rawls have stated, "ethics of justice" as "theory of individualism" and "ethics of care" as "theory of community” (Finnis, 2017). These theories presented by the famous critical thinkers are completely aligned with the characteristic features of this considered case. Some characteristic features of this particular approach are that clearly means that justice is the right of every individual and thus it should be levied on everyone. Care is also the right of any community and any patients’ class might be provided with proper care. These philosophical concepts thus go well with this particular case. A famous thinker like J. S. Mill stated that moral responsibility could not be treated as one nuisance. Mill also stated that every individual’s liberty should be far limited. Other critical thinkers like Robert Nozick and John Rawls have also stated their opinions upon Individualism. “Ethics of Care” thus could be seen as one predominant “Moral thinking model” through this philosophical perspective. 

Relationship between Ethics and laws associated with the case

This entire discussion about the concerned case could make a clear relation between the "ethics and laws" associated with this case. It is very clear from the total discussions that ethical perspectives are also seen in the legal scenario. Laws and legislative are also made from various ethical and moral points of views. Human rights and Justice are some of the combination of both “Ethics and law” (Garcia, 2016). Thus the ethical views of society or individual have much significance to the legislation. “Ethics of Justice” undoubtedly had made the backbone of the concept of “Justice” in laws. Justice and Human rights are the two major ethical and legal criteria for any people at large. This particular case is also no exception; therefore it is subjected to both the ethical and legal perspectives. It is also very true that a strong connection between morality and law could resist social laws from becoming tyrannical or unjust. Thus this entire case and its final judgment had been fully aligned with the combination of Ethics and laws. All the happenings of this particular case had been a real mixture of ethical and legal perspectives. Both these systems named “Ethics and Law” have much influence upon each other. Therefore it might be stated that these influences are unilaterally directed with each other. All the coincidence of these systems is put in relevant order with each other. The operation and purpose of these both systems have interrelated relation with each other.   

If you are not able to write your veterinary medicine assignment then don't worry you can anytime take medical surgical nursing assignment help from Allassignmenthelp.com and submit well-written assignments. The students can easily get medical science assignment help from us at a very reasonable price.

Case 2

Ethical dilemmas and undertaken approaches

The second case which had been considered in this study premise is “Re A (conjoined twins) [2001] 2 WLR 480”. This particular case had undoubtedly put the judges in huge dilemmas. It was not easy to decide such judgment upon a quick time period. The judges faced the dilemmas of “Right to survive” and differences between “intentional death or Murder and normal death”. The proposed operation was to definitely kill Mary and to continue with such an operation would definitely be treated as one intentional murder (Gostin, 2015). This is because Mary is to die with a clear understanding of the consequences of the operation. Now, this was surely against the moral and ethical values of the society at large. Every individual has the right to live to her or his speculated lifespan. Mary was to surely die someday but it was not immediately. Therefore it was not ethical to let someone die in order to make other one’s life extended. The social scenario has provided everyone with their equal rights to survive. Now the judges of this concerned case really had tough times to take the ultimate and relevant decisions. The judges needed strong points and laws to prove this proposed operation to be both legal and ethical. The price of anyone’s life is undoubtedly huge and the judgment upon which depends on anyone's life is very crucial to take up.  
All these values are definitely put under the legal standings like “Human Rights Act 1998”, “Right to life” and “Code of Justice” acts (Grimmelmann, 2015). This particular case could also be put under criminal acts like murder also as described above. No individual however ill or physically unstable she or he could be is not allowed to provide intentional death. The same was the case with Mary and her death could go against both legal and ethical “code of conducts”. Therefore proper legal and ethical justifications were required from the judges. 
The judges also opted the Human rights approach to provide the ultimate judgment to this case. They sanctioned the operation from the perspectives of human rights to Judie. Al the assumptions and perspectives of Mary was thought of till now whereas the life of Judie was also at stake. Judges also had the right to survive and it was also not legal and ethical to let Judie die because of Mary. The judges pointed out that what if Judie was adult and she would have stated that she could not provide more to Mary. Thus this particular case might have looked upon as “Self-defense” perspective for Judie (Lander, Gray & Wilkes, 2015). Therefore this case could be seen that the operation was conducted to emphasise Judie’s right to survive. The probable death of Mary could also be seen as Judie’s Self-defense to survive. Thus the operation could be seen with the approach of "passive euthanasia". The operation was conducted upon these legal and ethical approaches so that the death of Mary might not see as Murder. It is definitely one historical case of this field and it is one perfect instance of both “ethical and legal” perspectives. 

Philosophical perspectives

The judges of this particular case had adopted the philosophies of these famous figures. They mainly implemented the “Hybrid approach” to this particular case. Humanist approach was also considered here in this particular case. This particular case could also be seen from many philosophical perspectives. This particular case had underlined the philosophical approach called libertarianism. This particular philosophical approach had been completely aligned with the philosophical ideas of the ancient famous philosophers. This particular case also could have put under many philosophical perspectives. It is because this case is seen as the combination of “Ethics and Law”. Therefore some philosophical perspectives could bring about more moral and ethical values to this particular case scenario. There are many critical thinkers like Robert Nozick, J. S. Mill and John Rawls who have provided much of their critical thinking upon these dimensions of “Ethics and Law” (Levine & Levine, 2016). Rawls and Nozick have their different opinions about Individualism. Here both Mary and Judie’s individual aspects might have gone through this concept of Individualism. These theories presented by the famous critical thinkers are completely aligned with the characteristic features of this considered case. Some characteristic features of this particular approach are that these philosophers have also provided much significance upon “Duty of Care” and “Duty of Justice”. Therefore it was essential for these thinkers to provide equal justice for both these children. The operation and subsequent death of Mary were to present upon both "lawful" and "ethical" perspectives to avoid the charges of murder. Therefore the opinions of these critical thinkers could help to see the case as both “Ethical and legal”. 
Relationship between Ethics and laws associated with the caseThis particular case of conjoined twins is definitely a perfect combination of both legal and ethical perspectives. This case is therefore considered for this detailed study as it would help to provide an in-depth understanding of this particular topic. Any case requires having the justifications of both moral and legal scenario. It is not possible to act properly and with just if there is any lacking of these perspectives. The “Human Rights Act” and “Ethics of Justice” are both the main concepts behind this concerned case study (McCrudden & King, 2015). The judgment of the case provides proper alienation of these perspectives. Both Judies and Mary’s ethical and legal values have been thought of here. Thus the proper judgment was able to serve. It is indeed a great example for the future cases of the same field as well. The ethical and moral values’ influences upon the legislative happenings are quite clear through the critical analysis of this case. It would definitely help to obtain more in-depth knowledge upon the topic of “Ethics and Law”. (jstor.org, 2019)

Case 3

Ethical dilemmas and undertaken approaches

The third and last case which is also considered here in this detailed study is of “Kong Yunming v. The Director of Social Welfare (FACV 2/2013)”. The judges of this particular case have definitely undertaken proper judgment for the case although they had gone through many dilemmas. The dilemmas were “abiding Legislative criteria” and also to maintain proper “ethics of Justice” and “Ethics of care” to the appellant (Miller, 2019). “Mr. Justice Andrew Cheung” although dismissed Madam Kong’s judicial review’s application in 2009. The lordship judgment of him was later upheld through “the Court of Appeal”. The legal scenario against the appeal of Madam Kong was really strong. This is the reason that her initial plea for CSSA was rejected. The Basic laws of Article 24 and CSSA definitely included “the seven-year staying" criteria for granting CSSA. Thus the judges had the dilemma to take immense care of this issue so that no negative review of this case might have upon Hong Kong’s social scenario. “Economic Justice and Welfare” is also one moral value which falls under the category of “Ethics and Law” (Richardson & Almansa-Sánchez, 2015). Therefore the dilemmas were also there to provide Madam Kong with her economic stability by the government. These moral values definitely have huge impacts and significance to the social environment of any country. Therefore the judges had to go through other legal articles and laws for giving the proper judgment to this case. 
There are definitely so many laws to protect these above-mentioned moral values. The initial rejection of Kong’s application for CSSA was rejected for these legal complexities only. CSSA definitely had certain legal criteria to maintain. The government also bears the responsibility to take care of every citizen's economic and social standing. All the legal Articles of Hong Kong like “Article 22, 25, 36 and 145” strictly instructed that no citizen should be differentiated for CSSA (Skirpan et al. 2018). The statement of these articles helped the review of the plea of Madam Kong. The statements of Article 22 although prevented Kong to get the financial aid of CSSA in the initial stage. 
She asked for the benefits of CSSA "Comprehensive Social Security Assistance". Her plea was although not granted for CSAA as she had stayed in Hong Kong for very less to seven years. Therefore Madam Kong’s case was totally denied by the “Social Security Appeal Board”. She was later granted legal aid and her judicial plea was also reviewed by the court. Proceedings to challenge the previous decision of the Director were also conducted. The court stated that the “seven years staying “criteria for granting CSSA is much inconsistent from Article 145, 36 and 25 and also Article 22. The judges of this particular case had adopted both legal and ethical approaches to this case. They have observed all the legal and ethical perspectives to provide the proper judgment to Kong. The initial rejection of Kong’s plea was further scrutinized through the observance of Article 145, 36, 22 and 25. Therefore the supporting legal evidence to provide Kong with the proper justice was adopted by the judges through these supporting articles. The country’s responsibility to provide “Economical and Social stability” of its common people are thoroughly protected by the judgments of this case (Snelling, 2016). The case had thus set a great example for the immigrants’ policy and “Economic Justice and Welfare”. (opentextbc.ca, 2019) 

Place Order For A Top Grade Assignment Now

We have some amazing discount offers running for the students

Place Your Order

Philosophical perspectives

This particular case could be seen from the philosophical perspectives at the same time. There are many critical thinkers like Robert Nozick, J. S. Mill and John Rawls. They had provided many opinions about “Ethical and Legal” concepts. The “Duty of Care” and “Duty of Justice” are seen as the “theories of individualism and community” (Weiner, 2017). Therefore the individual aspect of Madam Kong had to be properly monitored by the judges. The critical thinkers like Nozick and Rawls had provided much analysis of Individualism. They had stated that either ethical or moral perspectives help to maintain the legal justification for every individual (Wendel, 2018). It is quite the same with this particular case as well and both the legal and ethical scenario had been looked after upon this case. Here the philosophical perspective of Distributive justice could also be implemented as this particular case is about providing a helpless woman her needed justice. Therefore this particular philosophical approach could also be used here. The concept of “Social Welfare” could also be suited here. The reason of this is also quite simple to understand. The entire case is about providing social care and social justice to appellant. Therefore this concerned philosophical approach might be placed here with the context of this particular case. Social welfare and social justice are the concepts which have dominated many theories of ancient critical thinkers. Those thinkers have provided much emphasis upon providing the equal right to each individual. 

Relationship between Ethics and laws associated with the case

This particular case undoubtedly demonstrated the wide scenario of both “Ethics and Laws”. The judgments of this case also unfolded the combination of both legal and ethical perspectives. Ethical scenarios like “Economic Justice and Welfare” was included with this case whereas Legal perspectives like “Article 22” and CSSA acts’ several criteria were also there (Wettstein, 2015). The judges provided their final verdict upon observing both this scenario only. Thus this entire case and its final judgment had been fully aligned with the combination of Ethics and laws. All the happenings of this particular case had been a real mixture of ethical and legal perspectives. Both these systems named “Ethics and Law” have much influence upon each other. Therefore it might be stated that these influences are unilaterally directed with each other. All the coincidence of these systems is put in relevant order with each other. The operation and purpose of these both systems have interrelated relation with each other. The total discussion of this particular case had been made with making proper correlation between ethics and legal perspectives. This particular case of social justice had been judged both from the perspectives of social values, responsibilities and legal hearings. The blending of both ethical norms and legislative perspectives have strengthen the ultimate judgment of this case.  

Conclusion

It had been observed throughout the critical analysis of the cases that “Ethics and Law” share inter-connected relation with each other. There are although much needs to implement more emphasis upon the improvement of these systems. The improvements could be upon the implementation of these systems properly. Ethical scenario could be used more in accordance to legal consequences. These two systems are required to go along simultaneously.  Such simultaneous workings of these two systems would definitely help to make a better society. The overall concept of “Ethics and Law” had been critically analysed here in this entire study. Three famous legal cases had been referred here for understanding various perspectives of the concerned issue. Each of these three cases had been evaluated based on their ethical perspectives. The ethical dilemma which the judges of those cases had to go through was also gone through. Those cases final judgments and laws associated with them had also been connected with their ethical perspectives. The philosophical opinions of many famous philosophers were also connected with the considered cases. This study, therefore, provides an in-depth understanding of the concept of "Ethics and Law". 

Reference List

  • Books

  • Sorokin, P. (2017). Social and cultural dynamics: A study of change in major systems of art, truth, ethics, law and social relationships. UK: Routledge. Retrieved from: http://www.cfeps.org/ss2006/readings/Green-b.pdf [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Tebbit, M. (2017). Philosophy of law: An introduction. UK: Routledge. Retrieved from: https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/36792078/mark-tebbit.pdf?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DMark-tebbit.pdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A%2F20190702%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20190702T030401Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=e566e94e047467626d36bff007796bc3fa15e61510dd3bdb0fed33788d75a4ef [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Journals

  • Capurro, R. (2018). Intercultural information ethics. In Localizing the Internet (pp. 19-38). Wilhelm Fink Verlag. Retrieved from: http://160592857366.free.fr/joe/ebooks/ShareData/The%20Handbook%20of%20Information%20and%20Computer%20Ethics%20-%20K.%20Himma,%20H.%20Tavani.pdf#page=674 [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Coggon, J. (2016). Mental capacity law, autonomy, and best interests: an argument for conceptual and practical clarity in the court of protection. Medical law review, 24(3), 396-414. Retrieved from: https://watermark.silverchair.com/fww034.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAkEwggI9BgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggIuMIICKgIBADCCAiMGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMB3weHNO6b5T6bolpAgEQgIIB9LOKtQ7PtmFcxVaTmS_BIv6n98Yad_u0_h5qrqkk5YWbxE0-yRlP_YyhVgIRa8uFGHwHRP54DR_5D4YZ1kW73M6Qt9WkoOGyttqj4n0IfSRLLv9k6o0gf8LBuW0vVhiSpaX2kt15DGecKf7lA1_zDEDo1QEkr8IeY5B4FrQnE8lJ4L357cJiOJtYfrHlo-5guViyVpp9NUk1j6tYpddDffA1yc9VJ3HwRdF4nwGfwN4x8YTHSUIYLJr6iTPVHkS7R5ro8_qIquu6RIWJNg7M8KkaQnMBEWR5ABhCU-13CM0KKtAIozL_T0CJczOswfpvHS9Ko8uYGNIH1zBfnwAvPkWxchXSdi5hTAfeNP1KotaUcSSRdrI96L7hlkO70qNn5SN4fo0OP-Gubwq8nQCJCosxyL-CxI1lyyl1EQrGnaQ01CHn8mG6G7Rv9HCWPViFPXhNjUD8-juFmGPxrmdaS55Rh-h5AQicBAO-ROsvKV1639_LgQNDW3DPX7NXcZLOGnwQ2wexjK_q33w8Zs6DymOph-3b-X1RPKyuntAIra7Z0NnrX-b8uj92DdpDaPIuuwTJmLZDEMHch98csBYXwH0VnlwY2zTDTpHR8x56t8LTkUXfGBdHw-6YzdTjkeqPqZ307s0yLQHYZsNj0s_AN6hT6KUZ [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Doudenkova, V., & Pipon, J. C. B. (2016, March). Duty to inform and informed consent in diagnostic radiology: how ethics and law can better guide practice. In HEC forum (Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 75-94). Springer Netherlands. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jean-Christophe_Belisle_Pipon/publication/273324611_Duty_to_Inform_and_Informed_Consent_in_Diagnostic_Radiology_How_Ethics_and_Law_can_Better_Guide_Practice/links/57e0230808ae52b3078a7311.pdf [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Ferguson, S., Thornley, C., & Gibb, F. (2016). Beyond codes of ethics: how library and information professionals navigate ethical dilemmas in a complex and dynamic information environment. International Journal of Information Management, 36(4), 543-556. Retrieved from: http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/7076/1/Information_ethical_dilemmas_eprints.pdf [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Finnis, J. (2017). Natural Law and Legal Reasoning. In Law and Morality (pp. 3-15). Routledge. Retrieved from: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.co.in/&httpsredir=1&article=1822&context=clevstlrev [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Garcia, R. J. (2016). Brief for Legal Ethics and Labor Law Professors as Amici Curiae Supporting Appellants, Nat'l Fed'n of Indep. Bus. v. Perez. Retrieved from: https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.co.in/&httpsredir=1&article=1000&context=courtbriefs [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Gostin, L. O. (2015). Law, ethics, and public health in the vaccination debates: politics of the measles outbreak. Jama, 313(11), 1099-1100. Retrieved from: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2472&context=facpub [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Grimmelmann, J. (2015). The law and ethics of experiments on social media users. Colo. Tech. LJ, 13, 219. Retrieved from: https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2621&context=facpub [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Lander, F., Gray, D., & Wilkes, E. (2015). The Alcohol Mandatory Treatment Act: evidence, ethics and the law. Medical Journal of Australia, 203(1), 47-50. Retrieved from: https://espace.curtin.edu.au/bitstream/handle/20.500.11937/34793/234434_234434.pdf?sequence=2 [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Levine, G. N., & Levine, S. J. (2016). Internet Ethics, American Law, and Jewish Law: A Comparative Overview. J. Tech. L. & Pol'y, 21, 37. Retrieved from: https://digitalcommons.tourolaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1716&context=scholarlyworks [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • McCrudden, C., & King, J. (2015). The dark side of nudging: The ethics, political economy, and the law of libertarian paternalism. Choice Architecture in Democracies, Exploring the Legitimacy of Nudging (Oxford/Baden-Baden: Hart and Nomos, 2015), Forthcoming. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christopher_Mccrudden/publication/284725101_Christopher_McCrudden_and_Jeff_King_the_Dark_Side_of_Nudging_The_Ethics_Political_Economy_and_Law_of_Liberal_Paternalism_in_Alexandra_Kemmerer_Christoph_Mollers_Maximilian_Steinbeis_Gerhard_Wagner_eds/links/565827b208aeafc2aac21d8f/Christopher-McCrudden-and-Jeff-King-the-Dark-Side-of-Nudging-The-Ethics-Political-Economy-and-Law-of-Liberal-Paternalism-in-Alexandra-Kemmerer-Christoph-Moellers-Maximilian-Steinbeis-Gerhard-Wag.pdf [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Miller, S. (2019). Machine Learning, Ethics and Law. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 23. Retrieved from: https://journal.acs.org.au/index.php/ajis/article/viewFile/1893/851 [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Richardson, L. J., & Almansa-Sánchez, J. (2015). Do you even know what public archaeology is? Trends, theory, practice, ethics. World archaeology, 47(2), 194-211. Retrieved from: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/68296/1/Accepted_manuscript.pdf [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Skirpan, M., Beard, N., Bhaduri, S., Fiesler, C., & Yeh, T. (2018, February). Ethics Education in Context: A Case Study of Novel Ethics Activities for the CS Classroom. In Proceedings of the 49th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (pp. 940-945). ACM. Retrieved from: http://mwskirpan.com/files/Ethics_Ed.pdf [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Snelling, P. C. (2016). The metaethics of nursing codes of ethics and conduct. Nursing Philosophy, 17(4), 229-249. Retrieved from: http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/4503/7/The%20metaethics%20of%20nursing%20codes%20for%20wrap.pdf [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Weiner, D. I. (2017). Strengthening Presidential Ethics Law. Brennan Center for Justice, 4-5. Retrieved from: http://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/publications/Strengthening%20Presidential%20Ethics%20Law.%20Daniel%20Weiner.pdf [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Wendel, W. B. (2018). Law and Nonlegal Norms in Government Lawyers' Ethics: Discretion Meets Legitimacy. Fordham L. Rev., 87, 1995. Retrieved from: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5594&context=flr [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Wettstein, F. (2015). Normativity, ethics, and the UN guiding principles on business and human rights: A critical assessment. Journal of Human Rights, 14(2), 162-182.  Retrieved from: https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/242858/1/Wettstein%20-%20Normativity,%20Ethics%20and%20UN%20GPs_JHR.pdf [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • Websites

  • jstor.org (2019), jstor, Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2176068 [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

  • opentextbc.ca (2019), opentextbc, Retrieved from: https://opentextbc.ca/ethicsinlawenforcement/chapter/1-1-the-importance-of-ethical-behavior/ [Retrieved on: 22.06.2019]

AllAssignmentHelp Logo

Give your grades a boost

Just share your requirements and get customized solutions on time.

  • 1,168,768 Orders
  • 4.9/5 Overall Rating
  • 5,052 Experts
Citation Generator

Best Online Citation Generator Tool

Eliminate writing errors with AllAssignmentHelp

Try Now

Grammar Checker

Instant Grammar Checker

Check Spell & Sentence Correction with AllAssignmentHelp

Try Now

Plagiarism Checker

Plagiarism Detection

Check Your writing for plagiarism and correct grammar.

Try Now

Word Counter

Word Counter

Stay within the word limits of your homework

Try Now

Get Quality Assignment Without Paying Upfront

Hire World's #1 Assignment Help Company

Place Your Order