Biology and Technology in the Real World

1.0 Background

Stem cell treatments have been expected to bring significant advantages to patients enduring an extensive variety of sicknesses and wounds. It was expected that the advantages of bone marrow transplants for patients requiring recreation of their hematopoietic and safe frameworks would apply to stem cell transplants of other cell sorts, and good faith has been high for the use of pluripotent undifferentiated cell sorts (embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells) for an assortment of uses. Undeveloped cells multiply, move, and separate to frame living beings amid embryogenesis. During adulthood, undifferentiated cells are available inside tissues/organs including the focal sensory system, where they may separate into neurons (Tewarie et al., 2009). The stem cells are derived from a several sources in the body including embryo (early phases of advancement); fetus; umbilical line; placenta and grown-up undeveloped cells (Morrison et al., 1995). Since the identification and portrayal of stem cells is in primitive stage, a lot of interest has been given to their potential for treatment of spinal cord damage, traumatic brain harm, and degenerative cerebrum infections (Polak and Bishop, 2006).

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2.0 Literature search

Stem cells have potential to develop to either remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, or a brain cell. The unspecialized cells are capable of renewing themselves via cell division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity. In addition, the cells can be induced to become tissue or organ-specific cells with special functions. The cells can be distinguished in to embryonic stem cells and non-embryonic "somatic" or "adult" stem cells. Rippon et al., (2006) developed multistep differentiation strategy to develop distal lung epithelial progenitors from murine embryonic stem cells. The model serves as an in vitro model for the study of lung epithelial differentiation. Lescaudron et al., (2012) opined that the use of stem cells is valuable tool for the mitigation of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's or Huntington’s diseases based on the outcome despite of limitations (ethical concerns such as isolation of fetal brain tissue). Vawda et al., (2012) reported the use of different sources and types of cells (embryonic stem cells, neural progenitor cells, bone marrow mesenchymal cells and non-stem cells) for spinal cord injuries. However, the potential of the stem cells for antiinflammatory, anti-gliotic and pro-neuronogenic purposes are reported. From the evidences, it can be understood that the stem cells have a potential for therapeutic applications in diverse fields and opened up many gateways for the research in therapeutics. No evidences found for the application of stem cells in the spinal cord injuries/fracture due to accidents. Therefore the hypothesis, ‘application of stem cells in spinal injuries’ by transplantation could repair the injured part of the spinal cord. Accordingly, it was aimed to investigate the utility of stem cells for spinal cord injuries.

3.0 Design and conduct of experiments

Mathematical technique such as design of experiments will be performed to set the optimal conditions for the multiplication of stem cells for instance pluripotent stem cells. The stem cells grown under optimal conditions will be transplanted via surgical procedures to the person who had injured due to car accident. The injured person will be kept in intensive care and periodic observations will be made to know the progress of recovery. The investigation will be performed with the approval of ethical committee.

4.0. Discussion

The transplantation of stem cells are expected to bring a repair of the injured spinal cord by either supplanting the nerve cells that have passed on as a consequence of the accident; creating new supporting cells that will re-frame the protecting nerve sheath (myelin) and go about as an extension over the harm to fortify re-development of harmed axons; securing the phones at the harm site from further harm by discharging defensive substances, for example, development variables, and splashing up poisons, for example, free radicals, when brought into the spinal string soon after damage. The functions of the body and its organs especially limbs will be evaluated periodically to understand the efficacy of stem cells. These are expected to be improved as soon as the damaged part is corrected.

5.0. Conclusions

The strategies of treatment using stem cells are an emerging concept in medical science. At this time, stem cell–based therapies are at an early stage, and the associated risks are still unclear. When a patient has a disabling or life-threatening disease for instance in the current case, an attempt can be made to treat the spinal injury. The ethical and social barriers need to be considered while using the stem cells for the treatment.

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References

Lescaudron, L., Naveilhan, P & Neveu, I (2012). The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine for Parkinson's and Huntington's Diseases. Curr Med Chem. 19(35), 6018-35.
Morrison, S.J., Uchida, N & Weissman, I.L (1995). The biology of hematopoietic stem cells. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 11, 35-71
Polak, J.M & Bishop, A.E (2006) Stem cells and tissue engineering: past, present, and future. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1068, 352–366
Rippon, H.J., Polak, J.M., Qin, M & Bishop, A.E (2006) Derivation of distal lung epithelial progenitors from murine embryonic stem cells using a novel three-step differentiation protocol. Stem Cells. 24(5), 1389-98.
Tewarie, R. S. N., Hurtado, A., Bartels, R. H., Grotenhuis, A., & Oudega, M. (2009). Stem cell based therapies for spinal cord injury. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 32(2), 105–114.
Vawda, R., Wilcox, J., & Fehlings, M. (2012). Current stem cell treatments for spinal cord injury. Indian Journal of Orthopaedics, 46(1), 10–18

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