System Project Management

Requirement

The task
Each student (individually) is required to choose one of the topics and complete both component 1 and 2 for that topic. You are required to prepare and submit a written report (within the words limit)for component 1 and a written report (within the word limit) on one of the project management topics listed in the next section for component 2.

Component 1:
You are required to hand in an annotated bibliography one article that is associated with your topic from below. Please use the guidelines provided in the ‘What is an annotated Bibliography’ document to complete this component. This is an important part of the assignment as it will give you an opportunity to identify if you need to get guidance on how to attempt component 2. 

Component 2 AssignmentTopics
This is a selection of possible topics. In each case, a particular real project that you have experienced, or a well-documented project should be used as the main exemplar. If you are creating your own topic (ie not taking one from the list below) then as part of the process of approving it discuss it with your Tutorto ensure you write it up in a similar style to those below.
1.    Achieving ‘quality’ outcomes is important for all projects. Quality could be described as value to someone else. 
The paper for component 1: Atkinson, R (1999). Project management: cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria. International Journal of Project management, Vol 17, Issue 6, pp. 337–342.
Instructions for component 2: Describe a project where the stakeholders in the project had (or have) differing views of what represents a quality outcome for the project. Discuss their differences with respect to the quality of the project as outlined in component 1 and further papers that you have collected. Demonstrate methods of describing quality criteria and how these might be used to communicate the differences in desired quality. Discuss possible management action for proceeding with the project to monitor the achievement of quality as the project progresses. Discuss the possible impacts in terms of the project planning and control and the people involved. Provide means of detecting and managing these impacts.
2.    Estimates for project effort, duration and cost convey different messages to different people at different times in the project, especially when considered in relation to project progress. 
The paper for component 1: Doloi, H.K. (2011). Understanding stakeholders' perspective of cost estimation in project management.International Journal of Project management, Vol29, Issue 5, pp. 622–636.
Instructions for component 2:Describe the estimates used at various stages in a project with analysis of the estimating techniques used, the variety of messages communicated and the effect on the project including risk and team dynamics. Demonstrate how other techniques (such as described in the paper in component 1) may have had other effects.
3.    There are now a number of standards that can be applied to systems projects and project management, including ISO standards, military standards, government requirements and accepted knowledge such as the PM Body of Knowledge.
The paper for component 1: Bredillet, C.N. (2003). Genesis and role of standards: theoretical foundations andsocio-economical model for the construction and use of standards. International Journal of Project management, Vol 21, Issue 6, pp. 463–470.
Instructions for component 2: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of applying these standards demonstrating your conclusions with example project(s).
4.    Capers Jones suggests that the results of providing automated support for project management functions should prompt all companies producing large software systems to explore available commercial tools for software management functions.
The paper for component 1: Liberatore, M.J., Pollack-Johnson, B.(2003). Factors Influencing the Usage and Selection ofProject Management Software.IEEE Transactions on Engineering ManagementVol50, Issue 2, pp.164-172.
Instructions for component 2: Investigate the range of software support available to project managers and critically evaluate two different types of project management software.
5.    Much of the literature on project management assumes traditional development methods and life cycle. 
The paper for component 1: Nerur, S.,Mahapatra, R., Mangalaraj, G.(2005). Challenges of Migrating toAgile Methodologies.Communications of the ACMVol48, Issue 5, pp.73 -78.
Instructions for component 2:Does Project Management have to change in these days of ‘internet time’, dominance of ‘time-to-market’ and alternative development methodologies (such as Agile, iterative, or component-based development)?

Solution

Project Management
Introduction

In this present paper, we will discuss the importance of quality outcomes. The project name is Dwelling construction. The paper describes the different views of stakeholders in terms of quality outcome for a project, differences in the views with respect to the quality as outlined in component one, methods of quality criteria and use of methods to achieve desired quality, management action to monitor quality and impact of project planning, control and people involved and detection of impact with the managing criteria.
The dwelling construction project management involves various activities such as planning, financing, designing, operating and construction facilities which have a varied point of view in terms of managing the project. The planning is a main element which helps to complete the project successfully by explaining the framework of working within a particular time period. The focus on project management is completely based on the viewpoint of owners rather than focusing on historical poles. The duration of the project is 24 months. The project life cycle is used for a constructed faculty. The project has to meet the demand of market according to timely fashion, quality, and quantities at the respective price. The financing scheme of the project will be evaluated, and programming of the project is based on the time of its completion with the respective cash flow.

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Different views of stakeholders

The representatives of the project can be called as stakeholders. The stakeholders include project manager, investors, suppliers, financial firms, buyers, construction manager and others. The first preference among the stakeholders is given to the buyer who will buy the dwellings. The construction of a project brings various degrees of deterioration and impact on the development of local level. The project stakeholders are mainly the various groups who has vested interest in the project succession and the environment in which the project operates. There is a challenge for the project manager to build the project according to the concern of stakeholders.
The quality plays an important role with the stakeholders involves in the project lifecycle such as a sponsor, project managers, and others. The key participant of the project acts as a source of information which helps to achieve the desired level of quality. The quality is defined as the conformance to specifications, conformance to requirements, meeting of customers’ expectations and others. In construction industry is resistant to later its practices, so it is benchmarked internationally which require a more focused approach to managing the issues related to the quality. The quality of construction is to meet the requirements of constructor, designer, owner and regulatory agencies. Following are the
different views of stakeholders:

  • 1.    Owners: The quality of the outcome is viewed by the owners by delivery the good architecture and beautiful view of the project.

  • 2.    Buyers: The quality of the outcome is viewed by the buyer through the best interior, good infrastructure, all the amenities, on-time delivery, and prone disaster building.

  • 3.    Investors: The quality of the outcome is measured by high return on investment, on time delivery, a higher price of the project.

  • 4.    Construction manager: The construction manager set the parameters by using high quality of raw material, best infrastructure, on time delivery, and disaster prone area.

  • 5.    Project manager: The project manager set the parameters to measure the quality of measure by providing on time delivery, good infrastructure, the high-quality raw material used, disaster-prone area, and all amenities.

Difference with respect to quality

The success criteria of quality outcome are to use reliable information system which benefits the organization through improved effectiveness, and it benefits the stakeholders such as social and environmental impact. The view of stakeholders towards the quality of a construction project is different. The quality is measured in component one through user satisfaction which benefits the organization and customers whereas the construction project quality outcome viewed by stakeholders through delivery on time, with the beautiful view and good architecture (Atkinson et al., 1999). The views of every stakeholder are different which benefits the organization by building the brand's image in the eyes of the consumers and benefits buyer by getting on time delivery with the superior quality of infrastructure with the necessary amenities. The different view of stakeholders helps to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of a product life cycle.

Methods to describe quality criteria

The quality criteria are segmented into three phases. The phases are explained below:

  • 1.    Design phase
    In this phase, the planning, designing, and documentation of the construction are prepared before starting a project. In the planning stage, all the planning of the project is done from starting of a project till completion of a project. It is the most crucial stage in which all the activities are discussed such as procurement of raw material from where at what time and others. The effective planning helps to achieve the desired quality outcome by selecting the right raw material, right supplier, and other activities which help to deliver desired quality outcome. The effective project designing helps to achieve the desired quality outcome (Kerzner et al., 2013).

  • 2.    Construction phase
    In this phase, the builder needs to inspect the installation and documentation which is done by trade contractors. The inspection helps to deliver the desired quality of outcome by checking the proper installation. 

  • 3.    Verification phase
    In this phase, the audit of a project is done through the third party who is done after the completion of construction. It helps to check the quality of construction by verifying all the requirements of the construction with the standard quality. The quality check helps to meet the desired quality outcomes. 

Management action to monitor quality

The quality control is defined as the series of activities which helps to monitor the process of quality management. It includes the recording of the quality performance of the project which helps to determine the defects and reason of failures of a project. The management needs to make the quality management plan which helps to manage the quality of a project. The components of the quality plan include quality objective, hey deliverables of a project which help to measure the level of quality, the standard of quality, quality assurance and control activities, role and responsibilities towards quality, quality tools and plan for reporting the problems regarding the quality assurance and control of a project. The plan helps to generate the standard level of quality. The plan ensures the meeting of quality standards, efficient work process and identification of failures then corrective actions needs to fix the problem. The management team provides leadership and helps to manage the quality outcome of a project within the specific period of time within the allocated budget (Walker et al., 2015). The quality manager assures the quality by preparing day to day activities which comprises of scheduling of resources, status reporting, team communication and promoting the use of best practices which helps to achieve the desired quality outcome. The effective management action to monitor the quality outcome by comparing the actual performance with the standard performance helps to achieve the desired performance of the project within the respective time and budget.

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Impact on project planning

The project planning is the main element which helps to deliver the project successfully. The planning involves plan-do-check-act cycle which is applicable to the management of a project. In the stage of the plan, the project scope, objective, stakeholder, request of funds is documented. Then the project team is formed by recruiting the required human resource, and then the output is identified with the sequence of tasks which needs to be performed for achieving the desired outcome. After that, the time lines are compiled, and required resources are identified with their measurements. In the last stage, the budget is prepared. Then in the stage, the planned deliverables are produced by implementing the plans. In the third phase, the project is monitored through the quality check at milestones which helps to measure the quality outcome of the project (Sallis et al., 2014). It helps to deliver the standard quality outcome. In the last phase, the results are evaluated which includes a meeting of objectives, team effectiveness and achievement of outcomes.

Impact detection & its management

The impact of quality outcome is detected in the plan, check and act stages of project planning. In the planning stage, the quality measurements are identified then in the check stage the quality of a project is monitored by checking status at designed milestones. In the act stage, results are evaluated to check the quality outcome standard. The quality of outcome can be improved by regular evaluation of the performance of a project which helps to take determine the reason for failures and corrective actions will be taken to fix the problem (Marchewka et al., 2014). 

Impact on Control

The quality outcome requires quality control which needs to be evaluated by the quality management plan. The controlling is the main element which helps to achieve the standard quality outcome. The project management quality is the sixth sigma which helps to deliver the successful project. The quality outcome impacts on the control which requires the most strategic approach to control the quality outcome of a project. The quality manager needs to work more on the controlling which helps to deliver the standardized quality outcome of a project (Heldman et al., 2013). 

Impact detection & its management

The impact is detected by the more strategic approach to control the quality outcome of a project. The control is managed through quality control plan which helps to deliver the desired quality outcome with the allocated budget and within the particular time framework.  The controlling is a very aspect which helps to achieve the desired quality output which needs to be done through monitoring of the project activities which helps to control the quality of a project. 

Impact on human resource

The human resource is the main element which enables to deliver the project successfully. The human resource needs to develop the new strategies and plan for monitoring the quality of a project. The human resource continuously evaluates the performance of the project which helps to deliver the desired quality outcome. The changes will come at an operational level which needs to be adopted by the human resource for achieving the desired quality outcomes (Haimes et al., 2015). 

Impact detection & its management

The impact is detected by the changes in operating activities which is adopted by the human resource to achieve the desired quality outcome. The impact of increase in human resource 
Work needs to be managed through the recording of task and activities which help to achieve the desired quality outcome by detecting the failures which need to be fixed by taking corrective measures. The proper reporting and performance evaluation also help to manage the impact of the quality outcome on human resource. The quality results need to be evaluated by the human resource at three stages, namely, designing, construction, and verification which helps to achieve the desired quality outcome of the project.

References

  • Atkinson, R. (1999). Project management: cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria. International Journal Of Project Management, 17(6), 337-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-7863(98)00069-6

  • Kerzner, H. R. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.

  • Walker, A. (2015). Project management in construction. John Wiley & Sons.

  • Sallis, E. (2014). Total quality management in education. Routledge.

  • Marchewka, J. T. (2014). Information technology project management. John Wiley & Sons.

  • Haimes, Y. Y. (2015). Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley & Sons.

  • Heldman, K. (2013). PMP: project management professional exam study guide. John Wiley & Sons.


 

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