Environmental Risk Characterisation

Requirement

You have taken a position with an environmental consulting company. Your supervisor has asked you to be involved in preparing a risk assessment proposal to study the environmental and human health risks of a group of chemicals that have been nicknamed “zombie chemicals”. Your job is to review the scientific literature on these chemicals and to design a study to assess the toxicity and exposure concerns related to these chemicals. Your risk assessment proposal will be submitted to government regulatory agencies for funding.

Solution

Introduction

Being at the position of the environmental consulting company, the supervisor asked to prepare a proposal for risk assessment in order to study the risk of chemicals which are named as ‘zombie chemicals' associated with the environment and the health of the humans. My job will be to review the literature based on the chemicals and develop a study in order to assess the exposure and toxicity issues related to the chemicals. Further, the peer-reviewed articles are summarized to identify the risks associated with the zombie chemicals.

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Peer-Reviewed Articles

According to the researchers (Baumann et al., 2014), the disruptor of the androgenic endocrine impacts the sexual development of Danio rerio. The zebra fish were extremely exposed to the desired concentrations of the environment from the stage of fertilization till the completion of sexual differentiation of gonad. Further, the exposure is being followed by 40 d of retrieval in the water. The zebra fish were being exposed to 100 d to 30 ng/L and further the trenbolone were matured at the various biological levels. There were no changes in the expression of aromatase of the brain as it didn’t show any trend in the duration of the exposure and the concentration.
According to the researchers (Cole et al., 2015), the acetate metabolites of trenbolone are the active contaminates of the endocrine which is discharged in the environment of aquatic. The researchers used inocula from the various sources of water in order to find the fate of the environment of the various compounds and the mechanism of biotransformation. The spectrometry of tandem mass was used in order to expedient the concentrations. This was utilized to characterize the conversion of products and the potential pathways. The distribution of products shows the preference for enzymatic for the biotransformation among the trenbolone and the trendione.
According to the researchers (HARVEY, D. 2015), the compounds which are active hormonally can move with the runoff of the agriculture through the surface of the water and impose the threat to the health of the humans and the environment. Therefore, the conversion of three estrogens and one androgen which were identified in the manure of the animal and the biosolids. The results demonstrated that the hormones were removed from 2 mg L solutions of hydroponic by 97 percent after the exposure of 10 d. The concentrations of the metabolite were minimum in the treatment of the dead popular and were increased slowly for the transformation.
According to the researchers (Qu et al., 2013), there is a high growth of steroidal in the acetate of the trenbolone which is being administered in the beef because the metabolites are disruptive compounds of the endocrine. The researchers did photo conversion and the laboratory experiments in order to administer the fate of the trenbolone acetate and their products. It was observed that the photo hydration is reversible during the condition of water pH 7, 25 °C. Further, the reactions were occurred in the steroids of similar nature which included the pharmaceuticals of the human.

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Summary of the Associated Risks

The various researches offered the insight to the difficult impact of the agonist androgen of the trenbolone on the sexual growth of the zebra fish. The changes were shown in the experiments to some extent, but the reversibility was not demonstrated clearly at any point during the investigation. It has also been observed that the poplars quickly uptake and sob the compounds of androgenic and estrogenic from the solution of aqueous and are further converted easily. The components of the hormones are labile during the presence of tissues of active roots. The transformation of hormones into the metabolites and further their bio conversion in the tissues of the plant shows the potential for the plants of riparian to efficiently minimize the impact of androgenic and estrogenic. The promoting steroids of the growth offer indisputable advantages for both environment and economy like loads of the nutrients, emission of the greenhouse gas for the agriculture of the animals. Therefore, the use should not be compromised for the health of the environment and the animals. It has also been assumed during the research that the persistence of the environment is limited in order to give the reversion outputs in the persistence of the metabolites of tenbolone acetate through an exposure of regime which defies the model of the current fate and the various designs of the ecotoxicology. Further, the reversion offers the route to the isomers of the steroid, analogs, derivatives, etc. The temperature and the dependent PH rates of reversion show the uncertainty for the existing metabolite tenbolone acetate data of occurrence. Further, this clearly shows that there is the similarity in the structures and the products of the bio active conversions that contributes to the various observations which are not explained of disruptive endocrine. Further, it has also been observed that the reversion for the progestin and dienogest were utilized as the oral contraceptive as a supplement of bodybuilding. Therefore, it has been observed that the various steroids of the pharmaceutical can exhibit the persistence of the environment and further shows the risk of the ecology which is realized currently. It has been believed by the researchers that the reversion’s propensity is more connected to the enone moiety of conjugation of the metabolites of tenbolone acetate and the various different pharmaceuticals. The assessment of the transformation of the environment should be given more priority for contaminates of high risk like the disruptive steroids of the endocrine. The characteristics of these chemicals are like they are very harmful to the aquatic life and environment and they were badly impacting the sexual development of the zebra fish and because of these, the names was given to it as the zombie chemicals. Further, the major concern for the chemical is that it is impacting the sexual development and the hormones of the animals and is badly impacting the health of the environment and the humans.

References

  • Baumann, L., Knörr, S., Keiter, S., Nagel, T., Rehberger, K., Volz, S., & Segner, H. (2014). Persistence of endocrine disruption in zebrafish (Danio rerio) after discontinued exposure to the androgen 17β?trenbolone. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 33(11), 2488-2496.

  • Cole, E. A., McBride, S. A., Kimbrough, K. C., Lee, J., Marchand, E. A., Cwiertny, D. M., & Kolodziej, E. P. (2015). Rates and product identification for trenbolone acetate metabolite biotransformation under aerobic conditions. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 34(7), 1472-1484.

  • HARVEY, D. (2015). 1.2 Books, Reviews, and Conference Reports.-Books relating to the mass spectrometry of drugs published during the review period include two large collections of over 1000 mass spectra of drugs and their metabolites, 1'2 books on drug3 and drug metabolite determination1* and two further volumes of Florey's" Analytical. Mass Spectrometry, 9, 303.

  • Qu, S., Kolodziej, E. P., Long, S. A., Gloer, J. B., Patterson, E. V., Baltrusaitis, J., ... & Tarnoff, M. D. (2013). Product-to-parent reversion of trenbolone: unrecognized risks for endocrine disruption. Science, 342(6156), 347-351.

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