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Requirement
Characteristics and Terminologies used in Waves
Solution
INTRODUCTION
Wave- It is basically a movement of a particle or an entity which is to-fro from a given original state. It involves transfer of energy either through space or any medium bearing mass.
There are certain terms that are associated with a wave. Some of them have been described in the section below:
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TERMINOLGIES ASSOCIATED WITH A WAVE
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Amplitude:
Amplitude is the maximum movement or displacement of the vibrating entity from its given mean original position. It defines the maximum value that the wave can attain. -
Wavelength
Wavelength is the total distance that is covered by a given wave before it starts repeating the pattern. -
Transverse
A wave that has the oscillations in perpendicular direction to the direction of energy transfer is called Transverse waves. A perfect sinusoidal wave is the example of a transverse wave. (Morin, 2012) -
Longitudinal
When the oscillating particle’s direction is same or 180degrees opposite to the direction of the propagation of wave, it is called a longitudinal wave. -
Frequency
It is the total number of complete cycles of oscillations that happen per unit of time. -
Hertz (Hz)
Hertz is the unit of frequency named after Heinrich Hertz. It depicts one complete cycle per second. So if a particle completes 100 oscillations per second, then its frequency is termed as 100 Hz -
Period
The period of a wave is defined as the duration taken by a vibrating particle to complete one complete cycle of oscillation. -
Reflection
Reflection is a phenomenon in which a travelling wave collides with a different medium and bounces back to the medium from which it was travelling. -
Refraction
It is bending of a travelling wave when it enters from one medium to another. This change happens because of the different velocities of waves in different mediums. -
Diffraction
Diffraction is the phenomenon that occurs when a travelling wave has an obstacle in its wave. Like light, it is observed that there is a bit of bending involved at the junction of two different media. -
Total internal reflection
When a travelling wave collides with a junction of different mediums and bounces back in the original medium, it is called total internal reflection. -
Law of reflection
The law of reflection states that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface of the mirror all lie in the same plane. The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence. -
Law of Refraction
Snell's law is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different media such as water, glass, or air.
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Morin, D. (2012). Transverse waves on a string.
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