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Introduction to Computer Applications and Systems
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INTRODUCTION:-
Decision making is a process of making a choice. It is the act of selecting the best alternative from among available alternatives. There are various alternatives in the organization. By using decision-making process, we choose the best alternatives by evaluated all other available alternatives. Decision-making process helps to make the best decision. (Kelley, 2013) It is one of the important functions of the management. In this assignment, we will study the various decision-making process for purchasing a new computer. In the absence of decision-making, all other management functions cannot perform because it is considered the core of every function.
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DECISION-MAKING MODELS FOR PURCHASING A NEW COMPUTER:-
1. Stimulus- response model of buyer behavior: -
It is a well-developed and tested model which is propounded by Stimulus. This model can be understood by the following diagram:- (Kim,2013)
Advantages:-
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In this, the environment of the program running is also tested.
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All efforts can be used various times.
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In this tests are done from user’s perspective.
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It is very efficient for larger systems.
Disadvantages:-
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All properties of a software product cannot be tested in this.
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Reasons for failure of this model is not found.
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It may leave most of the program paths without tested.
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In this model all test cases are very difficult to design, without having any clear functional specifications.
2. The five values influencing consumer choice behavior model:-
Consumer behavior is influenced by five values which are:-
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Internal or psychological values (Milner,2013)
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Social values
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Cultural values
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Economic values
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Personal values
Advantages:-
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It is an effective model for achieving innovation, enhance customer value.
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It enables the organization in obtaining greater marketing penetration.
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It enhances the customer value for an organization.
Disadvantages:-
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High costs are involved in its implementation.
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Availability of complex situations.
3. Solomon Model of Comparison Process:-
This model addresses some issues during each stage of the consumption process. Solomon suggests that in consumer behavior is a collection of various factors. In this factor, most of the marketing activities focus on adopting product offerings.
Advantages:-
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This model generates working software very speedily during the software lifecycle.
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This model of consumer behavior is very flexible.
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In this customer respond with high speed.
Disadvantages:-
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This model of consumer behavior requires good planning and design.
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The cost involved in implementing this model is higher than any other models.
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It requires a clear and complete definition of the whole system for work further.
4. Nicosia Model:-
It is a structural model of consumer buying behavior process. This model represents the interactive relationship between the consumer and the organization. They arise between them by mutual communication. (Milner,2013) Organization communicates to the consumers through organizing various programs or promotional activities. This model is propounded by F.M Nicosia.in this model three stages are included which are:-
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Preferences
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Motivations
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Attitudes
Advantages:-
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Nicosia able to represent consumer behavior
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In this model flow of information is available
Disadvantages:-
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It influences by the interrelationship among the attributes of consumers.
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Unspecified type of consumers is included in this model
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Difficulty in implementation.
5. Howard- Sheth Model:-
It is one of the important models of consumer buying behavior. This, a model attempts to show the rationality of choice of the product under the various circumstances. This model analysis the external symptoms of behavior, reactions that cannot be used to direct observations. This model is based on the concept that consumers behave rationally while making a decision regarding the purchase. (Tidwell, 2015)
Advantages:-
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This model emphasizes more on learning from an environment.
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This model is completely based on scientific and empirical evidence
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This model improves the customer buying behavior.
Disadvantages:-
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It underestimates the uniqueness of human beings
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It does not allow free will in the individual.
SELECTIVE BUYING DECISION-MAKING PROCESS:-
The decision-making process is very essential. The decision should be made after careful analysis of all other available alternatives. If I am making decision regarding purchasing the computers for our personal or professional purpose than I am formulating decision by using following steps:-
• Define the problem: - My decision-making process was started from defining the problem. Firstly, I was defining the problem of my business. Our old computers were not working in a proper manner that's why the employee could not perform their work in a timely manner. So, for this, we needed new computers. Purchasing new computers for our business was a problem.
• Analyzing the problem: - After defining my business problem, the next step was for me to conduct an analysis of the problem. The quality of the decisions was upon the accuracy of data. At this step, I found out the reasons why computers were not working in a proper manner. Problem was analyzed on the basis of three principles:-
1. Futurity of the problem
2. The impact of the problem on other functions of the organization.
3. Qualitative considerations.
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Developing alternatives solutions: - After analyzing the problem, the next step was to develop alternative solutions, for resolving a problem. The main objective of this step was to have the best possible decision out of the available alternatives. For resolved problem, creative solutions were developing by me.
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Selecting the best alternative: - After evaluating all available alternatives, I developed the most suitable alternative for resolving my business problem. For this purpose, I was focusing on every element of the problem and performed all my tasks very carefully.
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Implementation of the decision: - After the formulating decision, I finally agreed to resolve my problem. I was purchasing computers from the selected buyers for performing my operations successfully.
CONCLUSION:-
After studying all this, we can say that there are various processes available for buying decision making. While taking any decision, it should be necessary for the organization to study all its problems on the basis of various facts. All this helps them in making perfect or qualitative decision making. Organizations produced different kinds of product, so there are huge alternatives for the customer. But the decision of purchasing a particular product depends on only the needs of the customer. So, the first customer should identify its needs first then; they can take a suitable decision of purchasing any product.
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Kelley, P. G., Cranor, L. F., & Sadeh, N. (2013, April). Privacy as part of the app decision-making process. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 3393-3402). ACM.
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Kim, J., & Lennon, S. J. (2013). Effects of reputation and website quality on online consumers' emotion, perceived risk and purchase intention: Based on the stimulus-organism-response model. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 7(1), 33-56.
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Milner, T., & Rosenstreich, D. (2013). A review of consumer decision-making models and development of a new model for financial services. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 18(2), 106-120.
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Tidwell, P. (2015). Compensatory Versus Non-Compensatory Choice Strategies in Limited Problem Solving Consumer Behavior: Engel-Kollat-Blackwell Versus Howard Models. In Proceedings of the 1996 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 220-224). Springer International Publishing.
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