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Requirement
The Protestant Reformation and the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation had major influences on the Western art world, out of which Baroque art would emerge. Artists and artworks became an essential arm of the church, needed to inspire faith and commitment within an institution that found itself destabilized by this schism. Though Baroque artists continued to use the vocabulary of ancient Greeks and Romans, as had Renaissance artists, there were major shifts in how religious imagery would be depicted. Compare two Baroque artworks, Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s sculpture Ecstasy of St. Teresa with Caravaggio’s painting, Crucifixion of St. Peter, in order to identify and discuss this shift in religious imagery. Again, give a formal analysis of each painting in order to distinguish the different approaches of these two artists, but this time pay close attention to light, movement, and theatricality. Make a brief comparison to Renaissance art in order to illustrate the shift in art periods. Use the required course materials to help you discuss, briefly, (1) the history of Baroque art and these two artists in particular, (2) the role of the church, and (3) how Bernini and Caravaggio differently conveyed faith and commitment to the church.
It is important to note that this assignment is your second introduction to Art History and Art Criticism, so it is imperative that you continue to exercise your ability to visually analyze. The required course materials, under “How To Write About Art: Art Criticism and Formal Analysis,†will continue to aid you in developing these skills.
Assignment Expectations
Here are five keys to writing a great Case Assignment! For each Case in this course, please:
1.Make sure you fully address the case assignment prompt- don't just describe the painting and don’t forget to ‘really look’ at the painting. Be sure to respond to the expectations stated under "Learning Outcomes" in the Syllabus.
2.Apply ideas from the background readings to your analysis and discussion of the case assignment prompt.
3.Write, at minimum, three to four pages, not including images or references.
4.Include a separate cover page that includes your name, the course name, the module, and assignment name.
5.Set your format to 1" margins on all four sides, 12-point font, double-spaced.
Include a separate cover AND reference page at the end that includes every website and article on which you base your information and analysis. In the reference list, please note that a URL with no additional information is not a complete reference. Over time, link root will make any URL useless. Each reference should contain all the information a reader would need to find the source.
In this Case Assignment, you will:
•Give an explanation of the values—influences, themes, techniques, subjects—characteristic of the period or style under study.
•Give some information about how the social, political, or religious history of the period influenced its art and artists.
•Provide biographical information about the artist whose work is assigned or (in SLP assignments) chosen for reflection.
Solution
Baroque Art
Baroque period is a style of art which used elaborated motion and interpreted the various details in order to generate drama, sculpture grandeur, architecture, music, etc. The artistic style came into existence in 1600 in Italy and Rome, and later it spread to Europe. The popularity of Baroque art was encouraged by Catholic Church. The art came into existence to communicate various themes of the religion with the emotional and direct involvement in order to respond to the Protestant Reformation. The architecture and the art of Baroque were very impressing for the visitors as the palaces were built around the court's entrance("Artble", 2016). Gian Lorenzo Bernini was the master in architect and sculptor in the 17th century. He was the expounder of spiritual exercises of Ignatius Loyola. Bernini had various accomplishments, and one of them was The Ecstasy of St. Teresa. Bernini had a strong faith in Catholic and was close to the members who belonged to the Jesus society. Caravaggio was one of the most famous Italian artists during the time of late 16th and the early 17th century. He became popular for the dreadful and disturbing realism of his work of religion. He also painted the story of Bible and one of his famous sculpture was Crucifixion of St. Peter. The role of Catholic Church was very precious during the period of Baroque as the church depicted the sacrifice of the Jesus and there were various devotional exercises in order to create awareness among people, and they learned how to open their sole while worshipping. They used to read Bible in the Catholic Church. The church was very mesmerizing as it included unique furnishings, utensils, and functions. The bronze was used for the railings, silver was used for the objects of ceremonial, the textiles were embroidered, etc. People used to feel light and peaceful after visiting the Catholic Church("Totally History – Facts About Famous Events & Records of the Past," 2016).
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Bernini conveyed faith and commitment to the Catholic Church by making some tremendous sculptures, and one of them was The Ecstasy of St. Teresa. He used to practice spiritual exercise and always conveyed the meaningful messages in his sculptures like the sacrifices which were made by the Jesus. He was very religious and spiritual, and he used to devote time to Jesus by staying at home as well. Caravaggio conveyed faith and commitment to the Catholic Church by building a strong relation with the members of the Society of Jesus. He used to make the most famous and disturbing sculptures which used to show the pain and the sacrifices which are made by Jesus and the people of the society. He was also a devotee of Jesus and used to practice spiritual and religious exercises("V&A • The world's leading museum of art and design," 2016). The theme of the Baroque period was based on the liturgical expression, and it was related to the music. As the music was composed for the purpose of various occasions of religion. The Baroque period was influenced in order to respond the various cultural movements, and it further influenced people in order to form the religion groups i.e. reformation. The values which were incurred in the people during Baroque period was that they became more devotional and started practicing various exercises of religion and spiritual. The chiaroscuro technique was used in the various paintings of and sculptures of Baroque period. The painters of the Baroque had the obsession of light. The paintings were based on the realism. The people in the Baroque period started becoming more religious and started devoting more time in Catholic Church. They became more social because the society was formed of Jesus. Therefore, the artists started making sculptures in order to create more awareness among people like how Jesus sacrificed so much for the people because people were so much in pain("Home - Ignatian Spirituality," 2016).
The painting of the artist Bernini was The Ecstasy of St. Teresa. Bernini created a complete Chapel while developing a set of a stage. The masterpiece was inspired by the writings of Theresa. In the painting Crucifixion of St. Peter which was made by Caravaggio, showed the three characters which were pushing and dragging the cross and one of them was nailed to it i.e. Peter. He was a normal person who was afraid of death and was in pain. The execution of the painting was wretched and unsettled. Therefore, both the artists contributed so much in the Baroque period which was the period of religion. But unfortunately, the Baroque period was the last period of spiritual and religion.
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Artble. (2016). Artble. Retrieved 6 October 2016, from http://www.artble.com/
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Home - Ignatian Spirituality. (2016). Ignatian Spirituality. Retrieved 6 October 2016, from http://www.ignatianspirituality.com/
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Totally History – Facts About Famous Events & Records of the Past. (2016). Totallyhistory.com. Retrieved 6 October 2016, from http://totallyhistory.com/
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V&A • The world's leading museum of art and design. (2016). Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 6 October 2016, from http://www.vam.ac.uk/
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